Rocha Sonia
College of Life Sciences, Division of Gene Regulation and Expression MSI/WTB/JBC Complex, Dow Street, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.
Trends Biochem Sci. 2007 Aug;32(8):389-97. doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2007.06.005. Epub 2007 Jul 10.
Oxygen is both an environmental and developmental signal that governs important cellular pathways. Therefore, hypoxia (or low oxygen tensions) is part of both physiological and pathological processes. To deal with hypoxic conditions, cells and organisms have evolved exquisite mechanisms for adaptation and survival. The cellular responses are reliant on controlled transcriptional and post-transcriptional events, where certain genes are positively regulated and others either remain inactive or are actively repressed. It has been known for some time that, during hypoxia, transcription is mainly regulated by the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF). However, recently it has been demonstrated that additional transcription factors are also activated and that non-HIF-dependent processes are involved in the hypoxic stress response. Therefore, gene expression following hypoxia is the result of combined effects on transcription, translation and adjustment mechanisms such as the induction of microRNAs and changes in chromatin.
氧气既是一种环境信号，也是一种发育信号，它调控着重要的细胞通路。因此，缺氧（或低氧张力）是生理和病理过程的一部分。为了应对缺氧状况，细胞和生物体进化出了精妙的适应和生存机制。细胞反应依赖于受控的转录和转录后事件，其中某些基因被正向调控，而其他基因要么保持沉默，要么被积极抑制。一段时间以来，人们已经知道，在缺氧期间，转录主要受缺氧诱导因子（HIF）调控。然而，最近有研究表明，其他转录因子也会被激活，并且非HIF依赖的过程也参与了缺氧应激反应。因此，缺氧后的基因表达是转录、翻译以及诸如微小RNA诱导和染色质变化等调节机制共同作用的结果。
