Bunning Michel L, Fox Patricia E, Bowen Richard A, Komar Nicholas, Chang Gwong-Jen J, Speaker Tully J, Stephens Michael R, Nemeth Nicole, Panella Nicholas A, Langevin Stanley A, Gordy Paul, Teehee Max, Bright Patricia R, Turell Michael J
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1300 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Avian Dis. 2007 Jun;51(2):573-7. doi: 10.1637/0005-2086(2007)51[573:DVOTAC]2.0.CO;2.
The New York 1999 strain of West Nile virus (WNV) is nearly 100% fatal in the American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos). We evaluated four WNV vaccine formulations in American crows, including intramuscular (i.m.) DNA vaccine, i.m. DNA vaccine with adjuvant, orally administered microencapsulated DNA vaccine, and i.m. killed vaccine. Neutralizing antibodies developed in approximately 80% of crows that received the DNA vaccine i.m. (with or without adjuvant), and in 44% that received the killed vaccine. However, no crows that received the oral microencapsulated DNA vaccine or the placebo developed WNV antibodies. All crows were challenged 10 wk after initial vaccination. No unvaccinated crows survived challenge, and survival rates were 44% (i.m. DNA vaccine), 60% (i.m. DNA vaccine with adjuvant), 0% (oral microencapsulated DNA vaccine), and 11% (killed vaccine). Peak viremia titers in the birds that survived were significantly lower as compared to titers in birds that died. Parenteral administration of a WNV DNA vaccine was associated with reduced mortality but did not provide sterile immunity.
西尼罗河病毒（WNV）的1999年纽约毒株对美洲鸦（短嘴鸦）的致死率接近100%。我们对美洲鸦评估了四种WNV疫苗制剂，包括肌肉注射DNA疫苗、含佐剂的肌肉注射DNA疫苗、口服微囊化DNA疫苗和肌肉注射灭活疫苗。接受肌肉注射DNA疫苗（含或不含佐剂）的乌鸦中约80%产生了中和抗体，接受灭活疫苗的乌鸦中有44%产生了中和抗体。然而，接受口服微囊化DNA疫苗或安慰剂的乌鸦均未产生WNV抗体。所有乌鸦在初次接种疫苗10周后接受攻毒。未接种疫苗的乌鸦在攻毒后无一存活，存活率分别为44%（肌肉注射DNA疫苗）、60%（含佐剂的肌肉注射DNA疫苗）、0%（口服微囊化DNA疫苗）和11%（灭活疫苗）。存活鸟类的病毒血症峰值滴度与死亡鸟类相比显著更低。肌肉注射WNV DNA疫苗可降低死亡率，但不能提供无菌免疫。
