Horwitz Sarah McCue, Briggs-Gowan Margaret J, Storfer-Isser Amy, Carter Alice S
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4945, USA.
J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2007 Jun;16(5):678-91. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2006.0185.
Using a birth cohort, these secondary analyses document the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms in mothers of young children, as well as the rates and predictors of persistent and incident elevated depressive symptoms at a 1-year follow-up.
At the initial survey, approximately 17% of women with young children had elevated depressive symptoms. Forty-six percent of women with initial elevated depressive symptoms continued to have elevated depressive symptoms at the 1-year follow-up. Results of adjusted regression models indicated that elevated initial symptoms were associated with such factors as comorbid anxiety symptoms, parenting distress, poor physical health, financial strain, stressful life events, low social support, low family expressiveness, and younger child age. For the subset of women with partners (n = 860), quality of the relationship with the partner and partner involvement were significant correlates of initial elevated depressive symptoms. Persistent elevated depressive symptoms were significantly associated with high anxiety symptoms, high family conflict, and low maternal education. Predictors of incident cases of elevated depressive symptoms indicated that in addition to sociodemographic correlates, education and maternal race/ethnicity, physical health, parenting distress, and parent and child life events are related to the development of elevated symptoms.
Elevated depressive symptoms are common, and almost one half of the women in our sample with elevated depressive symptoms at the initial assessment also had elevated symptoms at the 1-year follow-up. Persistent and incident elevated depressive symptoms had different predictors, suggesting that identification and treatment of maternal depression must continue beyond the immediate postpartum period to prevent negative consequences of depression for mothers and their young children.
通过一项出生队列研究，这些二次分析记录了幼儿母亲抑郁症状的患病率及其相关因素，以及在1年随访中持续性和新发抑郁症状加重的发生率及预测因素。
在初始调查中，约17%的幼儿母亲有抑郁症状加重的情况。在初始抑郁症状加重的女性中，46%在1年随访时仍有抑郁症状加重的情况。校正回归模型的结果表明，初始症状加重与共病焦虑症状、育儿困扰、身体健康差、经济压力、生活应激事件、社会支持低、家庭表达性低以及孩子年龄小等因素有关。对于有伴侣的女性子集（n = 860），与伴侣关系的质量和伴侣参与度是初始抑郁症状加重的显著相关因素。持续性抑郁症状加重与高焦虑症状、高家庭冲突和低母亲教育程度显著相关。新发抑郁症状加重病例的预测因素表明，除了社会人口学相关因素外，教育程度、母亲种族/民族、身体健康、育儿困扰以及亲子生活事件都与症状加重的发展有关。
抑郁症状加重很常见，在我们样本中，初始评估时有抑郁症状加重的女性中，近一半在1年随访时仍有症状加重。持续性和新发抑郁症状加重有不同的预测因素，这表明对母亲抑郁症的识别和治疗必须在产后即刻之后继续进行，以防止抑郁症对母亲及其幼儿产生负面影响。
