Meeusen Els N T, Walker John, Peters Andrew, Pastoret Paul-Pierre, Jungersen Gregers
Animal Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Physiology, Building 13f, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2007 Jul;20(3):489-510, table of contents. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00005-07.
The major goals of veterinary vaccines are to improve the health and welfare of companion animals, increase production of livestock in a cost-effective manner, and prevent animal-to-human transmission from both domestic animals and wildlife. These diverse aims have led to different approaches to the development of veterinary vaccines from crude but effective whole-pathogen preparations to molecularly defined subunit vaccines, genetically engineered organisms or chimeras, vectored antigen formulations, and naked DNA injections. The final successful outcome of vaccine research and development is the generation of a product that will be available in the marketplace or that will be used in the field to achieve desired outcomes. As detailed in this review, successful veterinary vaccines have been produced against viral, bacterial, protozoal, and multicellular pathogens, which in many ways have led the field in the application and adaptation of novel technologies. These veterinary vaccines have had, and continue to have, a major impact not only on animal health and production but also on human health through increasing safe food supplies and preventing animal-to-human transmission of infectious diseases. The continued interaction between animals and human researchers and health professionals will be of major importance for adapting new technologies, providing animal models of disease, and confronting new and emerging infectious diseases.
兽用疫苗的主要目标是改善伴侣动物的健康和福祉，以具有成本效益的方式提高家畜产量，并预防家畜和野生动物向人类的传播。这些不同的目标导致了兽用疫苗开发的不同方法，从粗糙但有效的全病原体制剂到分子定义的亚单位疫苗、基因工程生物体或嵌合体、载体抗原制剂和裸DNA注射。疫苗研发的最终成功结果是产生一种将在市场上可用或在现场使用以实现预期结果的产品。如本综述所述，已经生产出针对病毒、细菌、原生动物和多细胞病原体的成功兽用疫苗，这些疫苗在许多方面引领了新技术的应用和适应领域。这些兽用疫苗不仅对动物健康和生产产生了重大影响，而且通过增加安全食品供应和预防传染病从动物向人类的传播，对人类健康也产生了重大影响。动物与人类研究人员和卫生专业人员之间的持续互动对于采用新技术、提供疾病动物模型以及应对新出现的传染病至关重要。
