Berglund A M M, Sturve J, Förlin L, Nyholm N E I
Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
Environ Res. 2007 Nov;105(3):330-9. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2007.06.002. Epub 2007 Jul 13.
Metals have been shown to induce oxidative stress in animals. One of the most metal polluted terrestrial environments in Sweden is the surroundings of a sulfide ore smelter plant located in the northern part of the country. Pied flycatcher nestlings (Ficedula hypoleuca) that grew up close to the industry had accumulated amounts of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead, iron and zinc in their liver tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate if pied flycatcher nestlings in the pollution gradient of the industry were affected by oxidative stress using antioxidant molecules and enzyme activities. The antioxidant assays were also evaluated in search for useful biomarkers in pied flycatchers. This study indicated that nestlings in metal contaminated areas showed signs of oxidative stress evidenced by up regulated hepatic antioxidant defense given as increased glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) activities and slightly but not significantly elevated lipid peroxidation and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities. Stepwise linear regression indicated that lipid peroxidation and CAT activities were influenced mostly by iron, but iron and lead influenced the CAT activity to a higher degree. Positive relationships were found between GST and lead as well as GR activities and cadmium. We conclude that GR, CAT, GST activities and lipid peroxidation levels may function as useful biomarkers for oxidative stress in free-living pied flycatcher nestlings exposed to metal contaminated environments.
金属已被证明会在动物体内诱发氧化应激。瑞典受金属污染最严重的陆地环境之一是位于该国北部的一家硫化矿冶炼厂周边地区。在靠近该工厂长大的斑姬鹟雏鸟（Ficedula hypoleuca）的肝脏组织中积累了大量的砷、镉、汞、铅、铁和锌。本研究的目的是利用抗氧化分子和酶活性，调查处于该工厂污染梯度中的斑姬鹟雏鸟是否受到氧化应激的影响。还对抗氧化分析进行了评估，以寻找斑姬鹟中有用的生物标志物。这项研究表明，金属污染地区的雏鸟表现出氧化应激的迹象，表现为肝脏抗氧化防御上调，谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性增加，脂质过氧化和谷胱甘肽 - S - 转移酶（GST）活性略有升高但不显著。逐步线性回归表明，脂质过氧化和CAT活性主要受铁的影响，但铁和铅对CAT活性的影响程度更高。发现GST与铅以及GR活性与镉之间存在正相关关系。我们得出结论，GR、CAT、GST活性和脂质过氧化水平可能作为暴露于金属污染环境中的自由生活斑姬鹟雏鸟氧化应激的有用生物标志物。
