Trinkaus Erik, Maki Julia, Zilhão João
Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2007 Oct;134(2):263-73. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.20669.
Ongoing excavations in the Middle Paleolithic levels at the Gruta da Oliveira, Portugal have yielded four fragmentary human remains, a manual phalanx and an ulna from levels 9 and 10, and a humerus and a tibia from levels 18 and 19. The first two remains date to approximately 39 ka 14C BP ( approximately 43.5 ka cal BP), whereas the latter two derive from earlier in oxygen isotope stage 3. The preserved portions of the phalanx, humerus, and tibia align them morphologically with the Neandertals. In addition, the Oliveira 4 tibial diaphysis shows evidence of carnivore (probably canid) gnawing.
葡萄牙奥利维拉洞穴旧石器时代中期地层正在进行的发掘工作出土了四具人类遗骸碎片，其中一枚手部指骨和一根尺骨来自第9和10层，一根肱骨和一根胫骨来自第18和19层。前两具遗骸的年代约为距今39,000年14C 年前（约43,500年校正年前），而后两具则来自氧同位素阶段3更早的时期。指骨、肱骨和胫骨的保存部分在形态上与尼安德特人相符。此外，奥利维拉4号胫骨骨干有被食肉动物（可能是犬科动物）啃咬的痕迹。
