Capua I
DIE, FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Universita 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
Rev Sci Tech. 2007 Apr;26(1):217-27.
Notifiable avian influenza (NAI) is a listed disease of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) that has become a disease of great importance both for animal and human health. Prior to 2000, vaccination against NAI was discouraged and used to aid control of only a limited number of outbreaks, without reaching the goal of eradication. Pivotal work on the application of a vaccination programme aimed at, and resulting in, eradication was carried out in Italy, and was followed by other research, e.g. in Hong Kong and the United States of America. Given the spread of Asian lineage highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 to three continents, vaccination is now being used on a wide scale under different conditions, which in most cases are not ideal. Although in some countries, a lack of infrastructure and resources can greatly limit the overall success of control programmes that encompass vaccination, it is imperative that international organisations set guidelines to 'accredit' control strategies. These guidelines should include recommendations on seed strains to be used in vaccine preparations, the characteristics of the vaccine, the most appropriate field strategy to apply in the different phases of a control/eradication programme, and models of exit strategies. The availability of harmonised protocols would greatly facilitate the achievement of tangible results and would save time and avoid unnecessary wastage of resources.
应通报的禽流感（NAI）是世界动物卫生组织（OIE）列出的一种疾病，已成为对动物和人类健康都极为重要的疾病。在2000年之前，不鼓励对NAI进行疫苗接种，且疫苗接种仅用于协助控制少数疫情，未实现根除目标。意大利开展了旨在实现根除并最终实现根除的疫苗接种计划的关键工作，随后在其他地区也开展了相关研究，如在香港和美利坚合众国。鉴于亚洲谱系高致病性禽流感（HPAI）H5N1传播至三大洲，目前在不同条件下广泛使用疫苗接种，而在大多数情况下这些条件并不理想。尽管在一些国家，基础设施和资源的匮乏会极大地限制包含疫苗接种的防控计划的整体成效，但国际组织必须制定准则来“认可”防控策略。这些准则应包括关于疫苗制剂中使用的种毒株的建议、疫苗的特性、在防控/根除计划的不同阶段应采用的最合适的现场策略以及退出策略模型。统一规程的可用性将极大地促进取得切实成果，并节省时间，避免不必要的资源浪费。
