Caumes Eric
Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75651 Paris 13.
Rev Prat. 2007 Apr 30;57(8):845-51.
About 10% of the travellers are ill after return. The most common diseases diagnosed in returning travellers are more often of cosmopolitan than exotic origin. These diseases are mostly infections and involve the digestive and the respiratory tract, and the skin. Thus a history of travel should not systematically orients towards an exotic disease. Indeed these latter diseases are less commonly diagnosed even in the subgroup of febrile patients. Nonetheless some of these diseases can be fatal whereas other are associated with a risk of transmission in hospital units or in the community. Subsequently a history of travel also warrants taking into account exotic diseases in ill patients. The most common of these diseases are malaria, arthropod-born viral diseases, viral A and B hepatitis, typhoid fever, and intestinal tract infections. Their prevention relies on vaccinations, adequate chemoprophylaxis of malaria, compliance with the rules of personal and food hygiene and avoidance of arthropod exposure.
约10%的旅行者回国后患病。在回国旅行者中诊断出的最常见疾病，其起源往往更多是世界性的而非外来的。这些疾病大多是感染性疾病，累及消化道、呼吸道和皮肤。因此，旅行史不应一概指向外来疾病。事实上，即使在发热患者亚组中，这些外来疾病的诊断也较少见。尽管如此，其中一些疾病可能致命，而其他一些疾病则存在在医院病房或社区传播的风险。因此，旅行史也值得在患病患者中考虑外来疾病。这些疾病中最常见的是疟疾、节肢动物传播的病毒性疾病、甲型和乙型病毒性肝炎、伤寒以及肠道感染。其预防依赖于接种疫苗、对疟疾进行适当的化学预防、遵守个人和食品卫生规则以及避免接触节肢动物。
