Rowlinson J S
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK.
Notes Rec R Soc Lond. 2007 May 22;61(2):109-27. doi: 10.1098/rsnr.2006.0175.
John Freind (1675/76-1728) achieved distinction in several walks of life, first as a classical scholar, then as a physician and as a chemist who advocated Newtonian philosophy. His clinical practice was generally conservative and he was against the newly introduced practice of inoculating the smallpox. His principles were Tory and High Church; his loyalty to the house of Stuart involved him in the Jacobite plot of 1722, and a spell in the Tower of London. His money was part of the foundation of Dr Lee's benefaction to Christ Church, which still survives in name in scientific posts in Oxford. He was among the circle of friends that Voltaire formed during his two-year stay in England and, 50 years later, Voltaire took him and his son as the principal characters in a conte philosophique defending a deistic attitude against both atheism and revealed religion.
约翰·弗赖恩德（1675/76 - 1728）在多个领域都颇有建树，起初是一位古典学者，后来成为一名医生以及倡导牛顿哲学的化学家。他的临床实践总体较为保守，并且反对新引入的天花接种做法。他秉持托利党和高教会派的原则；他对斯图亚特家族的忠诚使他卷入了1722年的詹姆斯党人阴谋，还在伦敦塔关押了一段时间。他的钱财是李博士对基督教堂捐赠的部分资金来源，这笔捐赠在牛津的科研职位中仍以某种名义留存。他是伏尔泰在英国逗留两年期间所结交的朋友圈中的一员，50年后，伏尔泰以他和他儿子为主角创作了一篇哲理故事，捍卫一种自然神论态度，反对无神论和天启宗教。
