Scott I A, Greenberg P B, Poole P J
Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Intern Med J. 2008 Feb;38(2):120-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2007.01436.x. Epub 2007 Jul 23.
The use of investigational tests in making a diagnosis is a core activity of physicians and one that requires an understanding of the accuracy and usefulness of specific tests in discriminating between several diagnostic possibilities. Studies of diagnostic tests are frequently methodologically flawed and their results are often not well understood or applied in clinical practice. This article defines the performance characteristics of diagnostic tests, describes several commonly encountered deficiencies in study design which may invalidate reports of new diagnostic tests, and explains a Bayesian approach to interpreting test results in terms of disease probability.
使用试验性检查来进行诊断是医生的一项核心工作，这需要了解特定检查在区分多种诊断可能性方面的准确性和实用性。诊断性检查的研究在方法上常常存在缺陷，其结果在临床实践中往往未得到充分理解或应用。本文定义了诊断性检查的性能特征，描述了研究设计中几种常见的缺陷，这些缺陷可能会使新诊断性检查的报告无效，并解释了一种根据疾病概率来解释检查结果的贝叶斯方法。
