Picard Christine, Bosco Marco
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agroambientali, Area di Microbiologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 42, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
Naturwissenschaften. 2008 Jan;95(1):1-16. doi: 10.1007/s00114-007-0286-3. Epub 2007 Jul 24.
Several soil microorganisms colonizing roots are known to naturally promote the health of plants by controlling a range of plant pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and nematodes. The use of theses antagonistic microorganisms, recently named plant-probiotics, to control plant-pathogenic fungi is receiving increasing attention, as they may represent a sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides. Many years of research on plant-probiotic microorganisms (PPM) have indicated that fluorescent pseudomonads producing antimicrobial compounds are largely involved in the suppression of the most widespread soilborne pathogens. Phenotype and genotype analysis of plant-probiotic fluorescent pseudomonads (PFP) have shown considerable genetic variation among these types of strains. Such variability plays an important role in the rhizosphere competence and the biocontrol ability of PFP strains. Understanding the mechanisms by which genotypic and phenotypic diversity occurs in natural populations of PFP could be exploited to choose those agricultural practices which best exploit the indigenous PFP populations, or to isolate new plant-probiotic strains for using them as inoculants. A number of different methods have been used to study diversity within PFP populations. Because different resolutions of the existing microbial diversity can be revealed depending on the approach used, this review first describes the most important methods used for the assessment of fluorescent Pseudomonas diversity. Then, we focus on recent data relating how differences in genotypic and phenotypic diversity within PFP communities can be attributed to geographic location, climate, soil type, soil management regime, and interactions with other soil microorganisms and host plants. It becomes evident that plant-related parameters exert the strongest influence on the genotypic and phenotypic variations in PFP populations.
已知几种定殖于根部的土壤微生物可通过控制包括细菌、真菌和线虫在内的多种植物病原体来自然促进植物健康。使用这些最近被称为植物益生菌的拮抗微生物来控制植物病原真菌正受到越来越多的关注，因为它们可能是化学农药的可持续替代品。对植物益生菌微生物（PPM）多年的研究表明，产生抗菌化合物的荧光假单胞菌在很大程度上参与了对最广泛的土传病原体的抑制。植物益生菌荧光假单胞菌（PFP）的表型和基因型分析表明，这些菌株类型之间存在相当大的遗传变异。这种变异性在PFP菌株的根际竞争力和生物防治能力中起着重要作用。了解PFP自然种群中基因型和表型多样性产生的机制，可用于选择那些能最佳利用本地PFP种群的农业实践，或分离新的植物益生菌菌株用作接种剂。已经使用了许多不同的方法来研究PFP种群内的多样性。由于根据所使用的方法可以揭示现有微生物多样性的不同分辨率，因此本综述首先描述用于评估荧光假单胞菌多样性的最重要方法。然后，我们关注最近的数据，这些数据涉及PFP群落内基因型和表型多样性的差异如何归因于地理位置、气候、土壤类型、土壤管理制度以及与其他土壤微生物和寄主植物的相互作用。很明显，与植物相关的参数对PFP种群的基因型和表型变异影响最大。
