Larson Jennifer C Gidley, Mostofsky Stewart H, Goldberg Melissa C, Cutting Laurie E, Denckla Martha B, Mahone E Mark
Department of Developmental Cognitive Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore 21231, USA.
Dev Neuropsychol. 2007;32(1):543-62. doi: 10.1080/87565640701361013.
Few studies have contrasted performance of typically developing boys and girls on standardized motor assessment. In the present study, developmental status of the motor system was assessed in 144 typically developing children (72 boys, 72 girls, ages 7-14), using the Physical and Neurological Examination for Subtle Signs (PANESS, Denckla, 1985). Four summary variables were examined: (1) Gaits and Stations, (2) Overflow, (3) Dysrythmia, and (4) Timed Movements. For most variables, gender differences were not significant; however significant gender effects were observed for some subtle signs (involuntary movements), gaits and stations, and timed patterned movements. In all instances, girls showed fewer subtle signs and were faster and more proficient than boys. Significant age-related changes were observed for some subtle signs (dysrythmia and overflow), and for timed movements. In contrast, by age 7, many of the skills assessed by the PANESS have reached "adult" level in typically developing children. Motor development appears to follow a different developmental course in girls than in boys; separate gender and age norms should be used in clinical assessment of motor function in children.
很少有研究对比过发育正常的男孩和女孩在标准化运动评估中的表现。在本研究中，使用细微体征体格与神经学检查（PANESS，丹克拉，1985年）对144名发育正常的儿童（72名男孩，72名女孩，年龄7至14岁）的运动系统发育状况进行了评估。研究考察了四个汇总变量：（1）步态与站姿，（2）溢出，（3）节律障碍，以及（4）定时动作。对于大多数变量，性别差异并不显著；然而，在一些细微体征（不自主运动）、步态与站姿以及定时模式动作方面观察到了显著的性别效应。在所有情况下，女孩表现出的细微体征更少，并且比男孩更快、更熟练。在一些细微体征（节律障碍和溢出）以及定时动作方面观察到了与年龄相关的显著变化。相比之下，到7岁时，PANESS评估的许多技能在发育正常的儿童中已达到“成人”水平。运动发育在女孩和男孩中似乎遵循不同的发育轨迹；在儿童运动功能的临床评估中应使用不同的性别和年龄标准。
