Roomans Godfried M, Dragomir Anca
Department of Medical Cell Biology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
Methods Mol Biol. 2007;369:507-28. doi: 10.1007/978-1-59745-294-6_25.
X-ray microanalysis conducted using the scanning electron microscope is a technique that allows the determination of chemical elements in bulk or semithick specimens. The lowest concentration of an element that can be detected is in the order of a few mmol/kg or a few hundred parts per million, and the smallest amount is in the order of 10(-18) g. The spatial resolution of the analysis depends on the thickness of the specimen. For biological specimen analysis, care must be taken to prevent displacement/loss of the element of interest (usually ions). Protocols are presented for the processing of frozen-hydrated and freeze-dried specimens, as well as for the analysis of small volumes of fluid, cell cultures and other specimens. Aspects of qualitative and quantitative analysis are covered, including limitations of the technique.
使用扫描电子显微镜进行的X射线微分析是一种可用于测定块状或半厚标本中化学元素的技术。能够检测到的元素的最低浓度约为几毫摩尔/千克或百万分之几百，最小量约为10(-18)克。分析的空间分辨率取决于标本的厚度。对于生物标本分析，必须注意防止感兴趣的元素（通常是离子）发生位移/损失。文中介绍了处理冷冻水合和冷冻干燥标本的方案，以及分析少量液体、细胞培养物和其他标本的方案。涵盖了定性和定量分析的各个方面，包括该技术的局限性。
