MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2007 Jul 27;56(29):729-32.
Cryptosporidiosis is a gastrointestinal illness caused by parasitic protozoa of the genus Cryptosporidium and can produce watery diarrhea lasting 1-3 weeks; one or two cases per 100,000 population are reported annually in the United States. Fecal-oral transmission of Cryptosporidium oocysts occurs through ingestion of contaminated drinking or recreational water, consumption of contaminated food, and contact with infected persons or animals (e.g., cattle or sheep). Unlike bacterial pathogens, Cryptosporidium oocysts are resistant to chlorine disinfection and can survive for days in treated recreational water venues (e.g., public and residential swimming pools and community and commercial water parks) despite adherence to recommended residual chlorine levels (1-3 ppm). For 2006, a total of 18 cryptosporidiosis outbreaks have been reported (as of July 24, 2007) to CDC's U.S. Waterborne Disease and Outbreak Surveillance System, compared with five outbreaks reported for 2003 and seven for 2004; data for 2005 and 2006 are not yet final. This report describes five laboratory-confirmed cryptosporidiosis outbreaks in 2006 that involved public recreational water use. The popularity of recreational water venues, the number and geographic distribution of recent cryptosporidiosis outbreaks, and the resistance of Cryptosporidium to chlorination suggest that treatment strategies for recreational water facilities need to be improved.
隐孢子虫病是一种由隐孢子虫属寄生原生动物引起的胃肠道疾病，可导致持续1至3周的水样腹泻；在美国，每年每10万人中报告1至2例病例。隐孢子虫卵囊通过摄入受污染的饮用水或娱乐用水、食用受污染的食物以及接触感染者或动物（如牛或羊）经粪口途径传播。与细菌病原体不同，隐孢子虫卵囊对氯消毒具有抗性，尽管遵守了推荐的余氯水平（1至3 ppm），但仍可在经过处理的娱乐用水场所（如公共和私人游泳池以及社区和商业水上公园）中存活数天。2006年，向美国疾病控制与预防中心的美国水源性疾病及疫情监测系统报告了总共18起隐孢子虫病疫情（截至2007年7月24日），相比之下，2003年报告了5起疫情，2004年报告了7起；2005年和2006年的数据尚未最终确定。本报告描述了2006年5起经实验室确认的涉及公共娱乐用水使用的隐孢子虫病疫情。娱乐用水场所的普及、近期隐孢子虫病疫情的数量和地理分布以及隐孢子虫对氯化处理的抗性表明，娱乐用水设施的处理策略需要改进。
