Payte J T
Drug Dependence Associates, San Antonio, Texas 78207.
J Psychoactive Drugs. 1991 Apr-Jun;23(2):103-7. doi: 10.1080/02791072.1991.10472226.
Starting at the latter part of the nineteenth century and through the early twentieth century, events are reviewed to provide a sense of the climate and setting in which early methadone research was conducted. The discovery of methadone by the Germans in the later stages of World War II is described. At that time, methadone was not recognized to be a narcotic analgesic. The first report of the properties of methadone published in the United States in 1947 is summarized, and its early use in the treatment of the opioid abstinence syndrome is noted. However, the utility of methadone as a maintenance drug was not recognized until 14 years later. Despite strong resistance from the U.S. Bureau of Narcotics, research progressed from the recognition of the unique properties of methadone to substantial clinical application. Finally, methadone is placed in a current context describing a second wave of acceptance based not solely on the reduction of crime but on the prevention of the spread of AIDS.
从19世纪后期到20世纪初，回顾这段时期的事件是为了展现早期美沙酮研究开展时的氛围和背景。文中描述了德国人在第二次世界大战后期发现美沙酮的过程。当时，美沙酮并未被视为一种麻醉性镇痛药。总结了1947年在美国发表的关于美沙酮性质的首份报告，并提及了它在治疗阿片类物质戒断综合征方面的早期应用。然而，直到14年后，美沙酮作为维持药物的效用才得到认可。尽管美国麻醉品管理局强烈抵制，但研究还是从对美沙酮独特性质的认识发展到了大量的临床应用。最后，美沙酮被置于当前背景下进行描述，它迎来了第二轮被接受的浪潮，这不仅基于犯罪率的降低，还基于对艾滋病传播的预防。
