Reyes Maritza, Franck Pierre, Charmillot Pierre-Joseph, Ioriatti Claudio, Olivares Jérôme, Pasqualini Edison, Sauphanor Benoît
PSH-Ecologie de la Production Intégrée, INRA Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France.
Pest Manag Sci. 2007 Sep;63(9):890-902. doi: 10.1002/ps.1421.
Only a few of the registered insecticides against Cydia pomonella L. are still effective in areas where insecticide resistance has emerged in this pest. Resistance mechanisms are multiple, and their lone or cumulative effects in a single population are not completely understood. A detailed estimation of resistance spectrum is still required to define the suitable insecticides to use against a given population. The efficacy of ten insecticides was therefore investigated together with the resistance mechanisms expressed in four laboratory strains and 47 field populations of C. pomonella from five countries. Bioassays were performed using topical applications of diagnostic concentrations on diapausing larvae, and resistance mechanisms were analysed on adults emerging from control insects. All populations exhibited a reduced susceptibility to at least one insecticide when compared with the susceptible laboratory strain. Cross-resistances were observed between azinphos-methyl or phosalone and more recent compounds such as spinosad and thiacloprid. Resistances to azinphos-methyl, diflubenzuron, spinosad, tebufenozide and thiacloprid were significantly correlated with mixed-function oxidase activity, while increased glutathione-S-transferase and reduced non-specific esterase activities were correlated with resistance to azinphos-methyl and emamectin, respectively. Conversely, resistances to azinphos-methyl, tebufenozide and thiacloprid were negatively correlated with increased esterase activity. None of the observed mechanisms explained the loss of susceptibility of populations to chlorpyrifos-ethyl, and no significant correlation was detected between resistance to deltamethrin and the presence of the kdr mutation. The suitability of such non-target instars to monitor insecticide resistance in field populations is discussed.
在苹果蠹蛾已产生抗药性的地区，登记用于防治苹果蠹蛾的杀虫剂中仅有少数仍具效力。抗性机制具有多样性，其在单一虫种群落中的单独或累积效应尚未完全明确。为确定针对特定虫种群落适用的杀虫剂，仍需对抗性谱进行详细评估。因此，研究了10种杀虫剂的药效，以及来自5个国家的4个实验室品系和47个苹果蠹蛾田间种群所表现出的抗性机制。采用诊断浓度局部施用于滞育幼虫进行生物测定，并对对照昆虫羽化出的成虫分析抗性机制。与敏感的实验室品系相比，所有种群对至少一种杀虫剂的敏感性均有所降低。观察到谷硫磷或伏杀硫磷与多杀菌素和噻虫啉等较新的化合物之间存在交叉抗性。对谷硫磷、除虫脲、多杀菌素、虫酰肼和噻虫啉的抗性与多功能氧化酶活性显著相关，而谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶活性增加和非特异性酯酶活性降低分别与对谷硫磷和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的抗性相关。相反，对谷硫磷、虫酰肼和噻虫啉的抗性与酯酶活性增加呈负相关。所观察到的机制均无法解释虫种群落对乙基毒死蜱敏感性的丧失，且未检测到对溴氰菊酯的抗性与kdr突变的存在之间存在显著相关性。本文讨论了此类非目标龄期用于监测田间种群杀虫剂抗性的适用性。
