Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Apr 4;24(7):6750. doi: 10.3390/ijms24076750.
With the passage of time and indiscreet usage of insecticides on crops, aphids are becoming resistant to their effect. The different classes of insecticides, including organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids and neonicotinoids, have varied effects on insects. Furthermore, the molecular effects of these insecticides in aphids, including effects on the enzymatic machinery and gene mutation, are resulting in aphid resistance to the insecticides. In this review, we will discuss how aphids are affected by the overuse of pesticides, how resistance appears, and which mechanisms participate in the resistance mechanisms in various aphid species as significant crop pests. Gene expression studies were analyzed using the RNA-Seq technique. The stress-responsive genes were analyzed, and their expression in response to insecticide administration was determined. Putative insecticide resistance-related genes, cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferase, carboxylesterase CarEs, ABC transporters, cuticle protein genes, and trypsin-related genes were studied. The review concluded that if insecticide-susceptible aphids interact with ample dosages of insecticides with sublethal effects, this will result in the upregulation of genes whose primary role is to detoxify insecticides. In the past decade, certain advancements have been observed regarding insecticide resistance on a molecular basis. Even so, not much is known about how aphids detoxify the insecticides at molecular level. Thus, to attain equilibrium, it is important to observe the manipulation of pest and insect species with the aim of restoring susceptibility to insecticides. For this purpose, this review has included critical insights into insecticide resistance in aphids.
随着时间的推移和对农作物杀虫剂的不谨慎使用，蚜虫对其效果的抵抗力越来越强。不同类别的杀虫剂，包括有机磷、氨基甲酸酯、拟除虫菊酯和新烟碱类，对昆虫的影响也各不相同。此外，这些杀虫剂在蚜虫中的分子效应，包括对酶机制和基因突变的影响，导致了蚜虫对杀虫剂的抗性。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论杀虫剂的过度使用如何影响蚜虫，以及抗性是如何出现的，以及在各种重要的作物害虫——蚜虫中，哪些机制参与了抗性机制。利用 RNA-Seq 技术分析了基因表达研究。分析了应激反应基因，并确定了它们对杀虫剂给药的反应表达。研究了假定的杀虫剂抗性相关基因，如细胞色素 P450、谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶、羧酸酯酶 CarEs、ABC 转运蛋白、角质蛋白基因和胰蛋白酶相关基因。综述结论认为，如果对杀虫剂敏感的蚜虫与具有亚致死效应的大量杀虫剂相互作用，这将导致主要作用是解毒杀虫剂的基因上调。在过去的十年中，在分子基础上观察到了某些关于杀虫剂抗性的进展。即便如此，对于蚜虫在分子水平上如何解毒杀虫剂，我们还知之甚少。因此，为了达到平衡，观察害虫和昆虫物种的操纵以恢复对杀虫剂的敏感性非常重要。为此，本综述包括了对蚜虫中杀虫剂抗性的关键见解。
