Patra Ronald W, Chapman John C, Lim Richard P, Gehrke Peter C
Department of Environment and Conservation, Lidcombe 1825, New South Wales, Australia.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2007 Jul;26(7):1454-9. doi: 10.1897/06-156r1.1.
The upper temperature tolerance limits of four freshwater fish species, silver perch Bidyanus bidyanus, eastern rainbowfish Melanotaenia duboulayi, western carp gudgeon Hypseleotris klunzingeri, and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, were determined using the critical thermal maximum (CTMaximum) method. The CTMaximum tests were carried out with unexposed fish and fish exposed to sublethal concentrations of endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, and phenol to determine whether or not the CTMaximum was affected. The CTMaximum temperature of B. bidyanus decreased by 2.8, 3.8, and 0.3 degrees C on exposure to endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, and phenol, respectively. Similarly, in M. duboulayi, the CTMaximum was decreased by 4.1, 2.5, and 0 degrees C, while in H. klunzingeri it decreased by 3.1, 4.3, and 0.1degrees C, respectively, and in O. mykiss by 4.8, 5.9, and 0.7 degrees C, respectively. Exposure to sublethal test concentrations of endosulfan and chlorpyrifos caused significant (p < or = 0.0001) reductions in CTMaximum values for all fish species compared to that of unexposed fish. However, exposure to phenol did not cause any significant (p > or = 0.05) change of CTMaximum temperatures.
采用临界热最大值（CTMaximum）方法测定了四种淡水鱼的高温耐受极限，这四种鱼分别是银鲈（Bidyanus bidyanus）、东部虹鳉（Melanotaenia duboulayi）、西部鲤长吻鱼（Hypseleotris klunzingeri）和虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）。对未暴露的鱼以及暴露于亚致死浓度硫丹、毒死蜱和苯酚的鱼进行了CTMaximum测试，以确定CTMaximum是否受到影响。银鲈暴露于硫丹、毒死蜱和苯酚时，其CTMaximum温度分别下降了2.8、3.8和0.3摄氏度。同样，在东部虹鳉中，CTMaximum分别下降了4.1、2.5和0摄氏度，而在西部鲤长吻鱼中分别下降了3.1、4.3和0.1摄氏度，在虹鳟中分别下降了4.8、5.9和0.7摄氏度。与未暴露的鱼相比，暴露于亚致死测试浓度的硫丹和毒死蜱会导致所有鱼类的CTMaximum值显著降低（p≤0.0001）。然而，暴露于苯酚并未导致CTMaximum温度发生任何显著变化（p≥0.05）。
