Miller David S, Sauther Michelle L, Hunter-Ishikawa Mandala, Fish Krista, Culbertson Heather, Cuozzo P Frank, Campbell Terry W, Andrews Gordon A, Chavey Patricia Sue, Nachreiner Raymond, Rumbeiha Wilson, Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis Maria, Lappin Michael R
Animal Population Health Institute, 300 West Drake, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
J Zoo Wildl Med. 2007 Jun;38(2):201-16. doi: 10.1638/1042-7260(2007)038[0201:BEOFRL]2.0.CO;2.
Complete physical examinations and biomedical sample collection were performed on 70 free-ranging ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) from three different habitats in the Beza Mahfaly Special Reserve (BMSR), in southern Madagascar, to assess the impact of humans and habitat on lemur health. Lemurs were chemically immobilized with ketamine and diazepam administered via blow darts for concurrent biomedical, morphometric, and behavioral studies. Subsets of the animals had blood analyzed for hematology, serum chemistry, micronutrients, fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, and E), measures of iron metabolism, and polymerase chain reaction assays (PCR) for Toxoplasma gondii, Hemoplasma spp., Bartonella spp., Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Neorickettsia risticii. Results were compared on the basis of gender and the habitats at the study site: reserve (intact gallery forest), degraded (human inhabited and altered), and marginal (dry didieracea forest with heavy grazing and tree cutting). Levels of vitamin D, triglycerides, and cholesterol, and measures of iron metabolism for BMSR lemurs were greater than those previously reported for a free-ranging lemur population (Tsimanampetsotsa Strict Nature Reserve, Madagascar) with less access to foods of anthropogenic origin. BMSR ring-tailed lemurs from a habitat with less water (marginal) had higher sodium (P = 0.051), chloride (P = 0.045), osmolality (P = 0.010), and amylase (P = 0.05) levels than lemurs from other BMSR habitats, suggesting that these lemurs were less hydrated. Vitamin D levels of male lemurs were higher (P = 0.011) than those of females at BMSR, possibly because of differences in sunning behavior or differential selection of food items. The biological significance is uncertain for other parameters with statistically significant differences. All samples tested (n = 20) were negative for the pathogens tested using PCR assays. Continued concurrent biomedical and ecological research is needed at BMSR to confirm these results and determine their association with population mortality and fecundity rates.
对来自马达加斯加南部贝扎马哈法利特别保护区（BMSR）三个不同栖息地的70只自由放养的环尾狐猴（Lemur catta）进行了全面的体格检查和生物医学样本采集，以评估人类和栖息地对狐猴健康的影响。通过吹管注射氯胺酮和地西泮对狐猴进行化学麻醉，以便同时进行生物医学、形态测量和行为研究。对部分动物的血液进行了血液学、血清化学、微量营养素、脂溶性维生素（维生素A、D和E）、铁代谢指标分析，以及针对弓形虫、血巴尔通体属、巴尔通体属、埃立克体属、嗜吞噬细胞无形体和立氏新立克次体的聚合酶链反应检测（PCR）。根据性别和研究地点的栖息地（保护区（完整的长廊林）、退化区（人类居住和改变的区域）和边缘区（重度放牧和砍伐树木的干燥迪氏木林））对结果进行了比较。BMSR狐猴的维生素D、甘油三酯和胆固醇水平以及铁代谢指标高于先前报道的自由放养狐猴种群（马达加斯加齐曼南佩措察严格自然保护区），该种群获取人为来源食物的机会较少。来自水较少栖息地（边缘区）的BMSR环尾狐猴的钠（P = 0.051）、氯（P = 0.045）、渗透压（P = 0.010）和淀粉酶（P = 0.05）水平高于来自BMSR其他栖息地的狐猴，这表明这些狐猴的水分含量较低。在BMSR，雄性狐猴的维生素D水平高于雌性（P = 0.011），这可能是由于晒太阳行为的差异或食物选择的不同。对于其他具有统计学显著差异的参数，其生物学意义尚不确定。使用PCR检测的所有样本（n = 20）对所检测的病原体均呈阴性。BMSR需要继续同时进行生物医学和生态学研究，以证实这些结果并确定它们与种群死亡率和繁殖率的关联。
