Prostaglandin E2 modulates dendritic cell function during chlamydial genital infection.

Inflammatory responses mediated by antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs), can be modulated by the presence of prostaglandins (PG), including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). PGE2 modifies the production of an immune response by altering DC function through PGE2 receptors. PGE2 is produced by epithelial cells lining the murine female reproductive tract during Chlamydia muridarum infection and likely manipulates the antichlamydial immune response during antigen uptake in the genital mucosa. Our data demonstrate that the PGE2 present locally in the genital tract upon chlamydial genital infection enhanced the recruitment of CD11b+ conventional DCs, but not CD45R+ plasmacytoid DCs, to infected genital tract tissue and draining lymph nodes in vivo. Furthermore, exposure to PGE2 in vitro during infection of murine bone-marrow-derived conventional DCs (cDCs) boosted interleukin-10 mRNA and protein while not influencing interleukin-12p40 production. Infection of cDCs markedly increased mRNA production of the costimulatory molecules CD86, CD40 and a member of the C-type lectin family, DEC-205, but addition of PGE2 increased other costimulatory molecules and C-type lectins. Also, exposure of PGE2 to infected cDCs increased FcgammaRIII and FcgammaRIIb, suggesting that PGE2 enhances the uptake and presentation of C. muridarum and augments production of the antichlamydial adaptive immune response. Taken together, the data suggest that exposure of infected cDCs to PGE2 drives production of a diverse adaptive immune response with implications for regulating tissue inflammation.