Powelson D K, Simpson J R, Gerba C P
Department of Soil and Water Science, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 Aug;57(8):2192-6. doi: 10.1128/aem.57.8.2192-2196.1991.
The effects of natural humic material and sewage sludge organic matter (SSOM) derived from primary treated sewage sludge on virus transport by unsaturated flow through soil columns were evaluated. Bacteriophage MS-2 was applied to loamy fine sand columns 0.052 m in diameter and 1.05 m long. Virus concentrations in the influent and effluent were measured daily for 7 to 9 days. In the first experiment, virus transport through two fresh soil columns was compared with that through a column previously leached with more than four pore volumes (T) of well water. The soil water organic matter concentrations in the leachate of the fresh soil declined with time. Relative virus concentrations (C/Co) from one fresh soil column reached 0.82 in 0.9 T and then declined to 0.51 by 2.1 T. The other fresh soil column reached and maintained a steady-state relative virus concentration [(C/Co)s] of 0.47 from 1.5 to 2.5 T. The leached column reached and maintained a (C/Co)s of 0.05. Concentrations measured at 0.2-, 0.4-, 0.8-, and 1.05-m depths indicated that most virus particles were removed in the surface 0.2 m. In the second experiment, one leached column was pretreated with SSOM derived from primary treated sewage sludge and the other leached column was untreated. SSOM concentrations declined with depth. A suspension of virus and SSOM in well water was applied to both columns. Although the (C/Co)s values were similar (0.41 for the pretreated column and 0.47 for the untreated column), breakthrough was delayed for the untreated column. Both natural humic material and sewage sludge-derived SSOM increased the unsaturated-flow transport of MS-2.
评估了天然腐殖质材料和源自初沉污水污泥的污水污泥有机物（SSOM）对病毒在非饱和流通过土柱过程中迁移的影响。将噬菌体MS-2应用于直径0.052 m、长1.05 m的壤质细砂柱。连续7至9天每天测量进水和出水中的病毒浓度。在第一个实验中，比较了病毒在两个新鲜土柱中的迁移情况与在先前用超过四个孔隙体积（T）的井水淋洗过的土柱中的迁移情况。新鲜土壤渗滤液中的土壤水有机质浓度随时间下降。一个新鲜土柱的相对病毒浓度（C/Co）在0.9 T时达到0.82，然后在2.1 T时降至0.51。另一个新鲜土柱在1.5至2.5 T时达到并维持相对病毒浓度稳态值[（C/Co）s]为0.47。淋洗过的土柱达到并维持（C/Co）s为0.05。在0.2 m、0.4 m、0.8 m和1.05 m深度处测量的浓度表明，大多数病毒颗粒在表层0.2 m处被去除。在第二个实验中，一个淋洗过的土柱用源自初沉污水污泥的SSOM进行预处理，另一个淋洗过的土柱未处理。SSOM浓度随深度下降。将病毒和SSOM在井水中的悬浮液应用于两个土柱。尽管（C/Co）s值相似（预处理柱为0.41，未处理柱为0.47），但未处理柱的穿透延迟。天然腐殖质材料和污水污泥衍生的SSOM均增加了MS-2在非饱和流中的迁移。
