Barr Eliav, Tamms Gretchen
Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA.
Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Sep 1;45(5):609-7. doi: 10.1086/520654. Epub 2007 Jul 25.
The lifetime risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection exceeds 50%. HPV infection causes >550,000 cases of cervical and anogenital cancer worldwide annually. Infection also causes precancerous lesions and genital warts. HPV types 16 and 18 cause approximately 70% of HPV-related cancers, and HPV types 6 and 11 cause approximately 90% of cases of genital warts. A quadrivalent vaccine for HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 (HPV 6/11/16/18) has been developed for prevention of cervical cancer, genital warts, and vulvar and vaginal precancerous lesions. Prophylactic vaccination of young women was 96%-100% effective in preventing HPV 6/11/16/18-related cervical and anogenital precancers and genital warts. Efficacy remained high for at least 5 years following vaccination. Postvaccination anti-HPV levels in adolescents were superior to those observed in women (the population in which efficacy was shown). Vaccination was generally well tolerated. The vaccine is licensed in >80 countries. It has been added to national vaccination programs, including that of the United States. Widespread use of HPV 6/11/16/18 vaccine is expected to greatly reduce the incidence of HPV-related cancers, precancers, and genital warts.
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染的终生风险超过50%。全球每年有超过55万例宫颈癌和肛门生殖器癌由HPV感染所致。感染还会引发癌前病变和尖锐湿疣。16型和18型HPV导致约70%的HPV相关癌症，6型和11型HPV导致约90%的尖锐湿疣病例。已研发出一种针对6型、11型、16型和18型HPV（HPV 6/11/16/18）的四价疫苗，用于预防宫颈癌、尖锐湿疣以及外阴和阴道癌前病变。对年轻女性进行预防性接种在预防HPV 6/11/16/18相关的宫颈和肛门生殖器癌前病变及尖锐湿疣方面的有效率为96% - 100%。接种后至少5年疗效依然很高。青少年接种疫苗后的抗HPV水平优于女性（显示出疗效的人群）。疫苗总体耐受性良好。该疫苗已在80多个国家获得许可。它已被纳入包括美国在内的国家免疫规划。广泛使用HPV 6/11/16/18疫苗有望大幅降低HPV相关癌症、癌前病变和尖锐湿疣的发病率。
