Geyer Thomas, Müller Hermann J, Krummenacher Joseph
Department Psychologie, Lehrstuhl fur Allgemeine und Experimentelle Psychologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2007 Aug;33(4):788-97. doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.33.4.788.
Two experiments examined cross-trial positional priming (V. Maljkovic & K. Nakayama, 1994, 1996, 2000) in visual pop-out search. Experiment 1 used regularly arranged target and distractor displays, as in previous studies. Reaction times were expedited when the target appeared at a previous target location (facilitation relative to neutral baseline) and slowed when the target appeared at a previous distractor location (inhibition). In contrast to facilitation, inhibition emerged only after extended practice. Experiment 2 revealed reduced facilitatory and no inhibitory priming when the elements' spatial arrangement was made irregular, indicating that positional--in particular, inhibitory--priming critically depends on the configuration of the display elements across sequences of trials. These results are discussed with respect to the role of the context for cross-trial priming in visual pop-out search.
两项实验检验了视觉弹出式搜索中的跨试次位置启动效应（V. 马尔科维奇和K. 中山，1994年、1996年、2000年）。实验1采用了与以往研究相同的规则排列的目标和干扰物显示。当目标出现在先前的目标位置时，反应时加快（相对于中性基线有促进作用），而当目标出现在先前的干扰物位置时，反应时减慢（有抑制作用）。与促进作用不同，抑制作用只有在长时间练习后才会出现。实验2表明，当元素的空间排列不规则时，促进作用减弱且没有抑制性启动效应，这表明位置启动效应——尤其是抑制性启动效应——在很大程度上取决于跨试次显示元素的配置。本文将结合背景在视觉弹出式搜索中的跨试次启动效应所起的作用来讨论这些结果。
