Fletcher Iain M, Anness Ruth
Exercise Physiology Laboratory, University of Luton, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.
J Strength Cond Res. 2007 Aug;21(3):784-7. doi: 10.1519/R-19475.1.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of manipulating the static and dynamic stretch components associated with a traditional track-and-field warm-up. Eighteen experienced sprinters were randomly assigned in a repeated-measures, within-subject design study with 3 interventions: active dynamic stretch (ADS), static passive stretch combined with ADS (SADS), and static dynamic stretch combined with ADS (DADS). A standardized 800-m jogged warm-up was performed before each different stretch intervention, followed by two 50-m sprints. Results indicated that the SADS intervention yielded significantly (p < or = 0.05) slower 50-m sprint times then either the ADS or DADS intervention. The decrease in sprint time observed after the ADS intervention compared to the DADS intervention was found to be nonsignificant (p > 0.05). The decrease in performance post-SADS intervention was attributed to a decrease in the musculotendinous unit (MTU) stiffness, possibly due to a reduction in muscle activation prior to ground contact, leading to a decrease in the MTU's ability to store and transfer elastic energy after the use of passive static stretch techniques. The improved 50-m sprint performance associated with the ADS and DADS interventions was linked to the rehearsal of specific movement patterns, helping proprioception and preactivation, allowing a more optimum switch from eccentric to concentric muscle contraction. It was concluded that passive static stretching in a warm-up decreases sprint performance, despite being combined with dynamic stretches, when compared to a solely dynamic stretch approach.
本研究的目的是调查对与传统田径热身相关的静态和动态拉伸成分进行操作的效果。18名经验丰富的短跑运动员被随机分配到一项重复测量的、受试者内设计的研究中，该研究有3种干预措施：主动动态拉伸（ADS）、静态被动拉伸与ADS相结合（SADS）以及静态动态拉伸与ADS相结合（DADS）。在每次不同的拉伸干预之前进行标准化的800米慢跑热身，然后进行两次50米短跑。结果表明，SADS干预后的50米短跑时间明显（p≤0.05）慢于ADS或DADS干预后的时间。与DADS干预相比，ADS干预后观察到的短跑时间减少不显著（p>0.05）。SADS干预后成绩下降归因于肌肉肌腱单位（MTU）刚度降低，这可能是由于在接触地面之前肌肉激活减少，导致在使用被动静态拉伸技术后MTU储存和传递弹性能量的能力下降。与ADS和DADS干预相关的50米短跑成绩提高与特定运动模式的演练有关，有助于本体感觉和预激活，从而更优化地从离心肌肉收缩转换为向心肌肉收缩。得出的结论是，与单纯的动态拉伸方法相比，热身中的被动静态拉伸会降低短跑成绩，尽管它与动态拉伸相结合。
