Gabbett Tim J
Athlete and Coach Support Services, Queensland Academy of Sport, Queensland, Australia.
J Strength Cond Res. 2007 Aug;21(3):875-81. doi: 10.1519/R-20466.1.
This study investigated the physiological and anthropometric characteristics of elite women rugby league players and developed physical performance standards for these athletes. Thirty-two elite women rugby league players underwent measurements of standard anthropometry (body mass, height, sum of 7 skinfolds), muscular power (vertical jump), speed (10-, 20-, and 40-m sprint), agility (505 test), glycolytic capacity (glycolytic agility test), and estimated maximal aerobic power (multistage fitness test). The skinfold thickness, speed, agility, vertical jump height, glycolytic capacity, and estimated maximal aerobic power results were 6.0-38.1% poorer than previously reported for elite women team sport athletes (e.g., rugby union, soccer, and hockey). Although no significant differences (p > 0.05) were detected between selected and nonselected players for any of the physiological or anthropometric characteristics, significant differences (p < 0.05) were detected between forwards and backs for body mass, skinfold thickness, 10-, 20-, and 40-m speed, and estimated maximal aerobic power. When data were analyzed according to positional similarities, it was found that the hit-up forwards positional group were heavier, had greater skinfold thickness, and had lower 10-, 20-, and 40-m speed, muscular power, glycolytic capacity, and estimated maximal aerobic power than the adjustables and outside backs positional groups. The results of this study show that elite women rugby league players have slower speed and agility, lower muscular power, glycolytic capacity, and estimated maximal aerobic power, and greater body mass and skinfold thickness than previously reported for other elite women team sport athletes. These findings show the need to develop all physiological parameters to allow elite women rugby league players to more effectively tolerate the physiological demands of competition, reduce fatigue-related errors in skill execution, and decrease the risk of injury.
本研究调查了精英女子橄榄球联盟球员的生理和人体测量学特征，并为这些运动员制定了体能标准。32名精英女子橄榄球联盟球员接受了标准人体测量（体重、身高、7处皮褶厚度之和）、肌肉力量（垂直纵跳）、速度（10米、20米和40米短跑）、敏捷性（505测试）、糖酵解能力（糖酵解敏捷性测试）以及估计最大有氧功率（多级 fitness 测试）的测量。皮褶厚度、速度、敏捷性、垂直纵跳高度、糖酵解能力和估计最大有氧功率的结果比之前报道的精英女子团体运动运动员（如英式橄榄球、足球和曲棍球）差6.0 - 38.1%。尽管在任何生理或人体测量特征方面，入选球员和未入选球员之间均未检测到显著差异（p > 0.05），但在前锋和后卫之间，体重、皮褶厚度、10米、20米和40米速度以及估计最大有氧功率方面检测到了显著差异（p < 0.05）。当根据位置相似性分析数据时，发现与可调节球员和边后卫位置组相比，强攻前锋位置组体重更重、皮褶厚度更大，10米、20米和40米速度、肌肉力量、糖酵解能力以及估计最大有氧功率更低。本研究结果表明，精英女子橄榄球联盟球员的速度和敏捷性较慢，肌肉力量、糖酵解能力和估计最大有氧功率较低，且体重和皮褶厚度比之前报道的其他精英女子团体运动运动员更大。这些发现表明需要发展所有生理参数，以使精英女子橄榄球联盟球员更有效地承受比赛的生理需求，减少技能执行中与疲劳相关的失误，并降低受伤风险。
