Directorate of Sports, Exercise and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom.
J Strength Cond Res. 2011 May;25(5):1374-84. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d687f5.
The aim of this article is to present data on the strength and power characteristics of forwards and backs in a squad of elite English rugby league players and compare these findings to previously published literature from Australia. Participants were elite English rugby league players (n = 18; height 184.16 ± 5.76 cm; body mass 96.87 ± 10.92 kg, age 21.67 ± 4.10 years) who were all regular first team players for an English Superleague club. Testing included 5-, 10-, 20-m sprint times, agility, vertical jump, 40-kg squat jump, isometric squat, concentric and eccentric isokinetic knee flexion and extension. Independent t-tests were performed to compare results between forwards and backs, with paired samples t-tests used to compare bilateral differences from isokinetic assessments and agility tests. Forwards demonstrated significantly (p < 0.05) greater body mass (102.15 ± 7.5 kg), height (186.30 ± 5.47 cm), power during the 40-kg jump squat (2,106 ± 421 W), isometric force (3,122 ± 611 N) and peak torque during left concentric isokinetic knee extension (296.1 ± 54.2 N·m) compared to the backs (86.30 ± 8.97 kg; 179.87 ± 3.72 cm; 1,709 ± 286 W; 2,927 ± 607 N; 241.7 ± 35.2 N·m, respectively). However, no significant differences (p > 0.05) were noted between forwards and backs during right concentric isokinetic knee extension (274.8 ± 37.7 and 246.8 ± 25.8 N·m), concentric isokinetic knee flexion for both left (158.8 ± 28.6 and 141.0 ± 22. 7 N·m) and right legs (155.3 ± 22.9 and 128.0 ± 23.9 N·m), eccentric isokinetic knee flexion and extension, hamstring quadriceps ratios, or vertical jump (37.25 ± 4.35 and 40.33 ± 6.38 cm). In comparison, relative measures demonstrated that backs performed significantly better compared to the forwards during the 40-kg jump squat (20.71 ± 5.15 and 19.91 ± 3.91 W·kg⁻¹) and the isometric squat (34.32 ± 7.9 and 30.65 ± 5.34 N·kg⁻¹). Bilateral comparisons revealed no significant differences (p > 0.05) between left and right leg performances in the agility test (3.26 ± 0.18 and 3.24 ± 0.18 seconds), or between left (0.7 ± 0.10) and right (0.71 ± 0.17) leg eccentric hamstring concentric quadriceps ratios. The results demonstrate that absolute strength and power measures are generally higher in forwards compared to in backs; however, when body mass is taken into account and relative measures compared, the backs outperform the forwards.
本文旨在呈现英国精英英式橄榄球运动员中前锋和后卫的力量和功率特征数据，并与来自澳大利亚的先前文献进行比较。参与者为英国精英英式橄榄球运动员（n = 18；身高 184.16 ± 5.76 cm；体重 96.87 ± 10.92 kg，年龄 21.67 ± 4.10 岁），他们均为英国超级联赛俱乐部的一线队常客。测试包括 5、10、20 米冲刺时间、敏捷性、垂直跳跃、40-kg 深蹲跳、等长深蹲、同心和离心等速膝关节屈伸。使用独立样本 t 检验比较前锋和后卫之间的结果，使用配对样本 t 检验比较等速评估和敏捷性测试的双侧差异。与后卫相比，前锋的体重大（102.15 ± 7.5 kg）、身高（186.30 ± 5.47 cm）、40-kg 深蹲跳的功率（2,106 ± 421 W）、等长力（3,122 ± 611 N）和左同心等速膝关节伸展的峰值扭矩（296.1 ± 54.2 N·m）显著更高（p < 0.05）。然而，在右同心等速膝关节伸展（274.8 ± 37.7 和 246.8 ± 25.8 N·m）、左腿（158.8 ± 28.6 和 141.0 ± 22.7 N·m）和右腿（155.3 ± 22.9 和 128.0 ± 23.9 N·m）的同心等速膝关节屈伸、等速膝关节屈伸、腘绳肌/四头肌比值或垂直跳跃方面，前锋和后卫之间没有显著差异（p > 0.05）。相比之下，相对措施表明，在 40-kg 深蹲跳（20.71 ± 5.15 和 19.91 ± 3.91 W·kg⁻¹）和等长深蹲（34.32 ± 7.9 和 30.65 ± 5.34 N·kg⁻¹）中，后卫的表现明显优于前锋。双侧比较显示，在敏捷测试（3.26 ± 0.18 和 3.24 ± 0.18 秒）或左腿（0.7 ± 0.10）和右腿（0.71 ± 0.17）的离心腘绳肌/同心四头肌比值方面，左右腿之间没有显著差异（p > 0.05）。结果表明，与后卫相比，前锋的绝对力量和功率指标通常更高；然而，当考虑体重并比较相对指标时，后卫的表现优于前锋。
