Liu Hengxian, Li Rui, Zheng Wen, Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo, de Villarreal Eduardo Sáez, Zhang Mingxin
School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
Key Laboratory of Sport Skill and Tactic Diagnosis and Analysis of General Administration of Sport of China, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
J Sports Sci Med. 2024 Dec 1;23(4):718-743. doi: 10.52082/jssm.2024.718. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Repeated sprint ability (RSA) is crucial for success in team sports, and involves both neuromuscular and metabolic factors. While single-mode training (SGL; e.g., sprint training) and combined training (CT; e.g., sprint + plyometric) can improve RSA, whether CT offers additional benefits compared to SGL or active controls maintaining routine training (CON) remains uncertain in team-sport athletes. This study evaluates the effect of CT versus SGL and CON on the RSA of team-sport athletes. A comprehensive search was conducted in five electronic databases. Thirteen studies involving 394 males and 28 females, aged 14 to 26 years, were included. The random effects model for meta-analyses revealed greater improvement in RSA mean after CT compared to SGL (Hedge's effect size [] = -0.46; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: -0.82, -0.10; p < 0.01) and CON ( = -1.39; 95% CI: -2.09, -0.70; p < 0.01). CT also improved RSA best compared to CON ( = -1.17; 95% CI: -1.58, -0.76; p < 0.01). The GRADE analyses revealed low- to very-low certainty of evidence in all meta-analyses. Subgroup analysis revealed that plyometric + sprint training yielded greater RSA mean ( = -1.46) and RSA best ( = -1.35) improvement than plyometric + resistance + sprint training and resistance + sprint training. The effects of CT on RSA did not differ according to age (≥ 18 vs. < 18), sports (e.g., soccer vs. basketball vs. handball), or RSA test type (linear sprint vs. sprint with change-of-direction). Studies showed an overall high risk of bias (ROB 2). In conclusion, CT may be improving team-sport athletes' RSA more effectively than SGL (small effect size) and CON (large effect size), particularly when CT involves plyometric + sprint training.
反复冲刺能力（RSA）对于团队运动的成功至关重要，并且涉及神经肌肉和代谢因素。虽然单模式训练（SGL；例如冲刺训练）和组合训练（CT；例如冲刺+增强式训练）可以提高RSA，但与SGL或维持常规训练的主动对照组（CON）相比，CT是否具有额外的益处，在团队运动运动员中仍不确定。本研究评估CT与SGL和CON对团队运动运动员RSA的影响。在五个电子数据库中进行了全面检索。纳入了13项研究，涉及394名男性和28名女性，年龄在14至26岁之间。荟萃分析的随机效应模型显示，与SGL（Hedge效应量[] = -0.46；95%置信区间[CI]：-0.82，-0.10；p < 0.01）和CON（ = -1.39；95%CI：-2.09，-0.70；p < 0.01）相比，CT后RSA平均值有更大改善。与CON相比，CT在改善RSA方面也最为显著（ = -1.17；95%CI：-1.58，-0.76；p < 0.01）。GRADE分析显示，所有荟萃分析的证据确定性为低到非常低。亚组分析显示，与增强式+阻力+冲刺训练和阻力+冲刺训练相比，增强式+冲刺训练在RSA平均值（ = -1.46）和RSA最佳值（ = -1.35）方面有更大改善。CT对RSA的影响在年龄（≥18岁与<18岁）、运动项目（例如足球与篮球与手球）或RSA测试类型（直线冲刺与变向冲刺）方面没有差异。研究显示总体偏倚风险较高（ROB 2）。总之，与SGL（小效应量）和CON（大效应量）相比，CT可能更有效地改善团队运动运动员的RSA，特别是当CT包括增强式+冲刺训练时。
