Van Houtan Kyle S, Bass Oron L
Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Curr Biol. 2007 Aug 7;17(15):R590-1. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2007.06.021.
Many sea turtle populations are below 10% of their pre-Columbian numbers [1-4]. Though historic and systematic over-exploitation is the principal cause of these declines, sea turtles face similar threats today. Adults and juveniles are actively hunted and commercial fisheries catch them incidentally. Nesting suffers from beach development, egg poaching and the poaching of nesting females. Accompanying these familiar hazards is the largely unknown consequences of recent climate change. Here we report monitoring surveys from the Dry Tortugas National Park (DTNP, 24.64N 82.86W), Florida, and show that hurricanes and other storm events are an additional and increasing threat to loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) and green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) nesting. Both species are listed by the US Endangered Species Act and the IUCN considers them 'endangered'.
许多海龟种群数量仅为哥伦布发现美洲大陆之前的10%以下[1 - 4]。尽管历史上的系统性过度捕捞是这些种群数量下降的主要原因,但如今海龟仍面临类似威胁。成年海龟和幼龟遭到主动捕杀,商业渔业也会意外捕获它们。筑巢活动受到海滩开发、偷猎龟蛋以及偷猎正在筑巢的雌龟的影响。除了这些常见危害外,近期气候变化带来的后果在很大程度上尚不明确。在此,我们报告了来自佛罗里达州干龟礁国家公园(DTNP,北纬24.64度,西经82.86度)的监测调查结果,表明飓风和其他风暴事件对蠵龟(Caretta caretta)和绿海龟(Chelonia mydas)筑巢构成了额外且日益严重的威胁。这两个物种均被列入美国《濒危物种法》,国际自然保护联盟也将它们认定为“濒危”物种。