Langley Gill, Evans Tom, Holgate Stephen T, Jones Anthony
Dr Hadwen Trust for Humane Research, Hitchin, Hertfordshire, UK.
Bioessays. 2007 Sep;29(9):918-26. doi: 10.1002/bies.20628.
Replacing animal procedures with methods such as cells and tissues in vitro, volunteer studies, physicochemical techniques and computer modelling, is driven by legislative, scientific and moral imperatives. Non-animal approaches are now considered as advanced methods that can overcome many of the limitations of animal experiments. In testing medicines and chemicals, in vitro assays have spared hundreds of thousands of animals. In contrast, academic animal use continues to rise and the concept of replacement seems less well accepted in university research. Even so, some animal procedures have been replaced in neurological, reproductive and dentistry research and progress is being made in fields such as respiratory illnesses, pain and sepsis. Systematic reviews of the transferability of animal data to the clinical setting may encourage a fresh look for novel non-animal methods and, as mainstream funding becomes available, more advances in replacement are expected.
用体外细胞和组织、志愿者研究、物理化学技术及计算机建模等方法取代动物实验程序，是由立法、科学和道德要求推动的。非动物方法如今被视为能够克服动物实验诸多局限性的先进方法。在药品和化学品测试中，体外检测已使数十万只动物免遭实验。相比之下，学术领域的动物使用量持续上升，替代概念在大学研究中似乎较难被接受。即便如此，在神经学、生殖学和牙科研究中，一些动物实验程序已被取代，并且在呼吸系统疾病、疼痛和败血症等领域也取得了进展。对动物数据向临床环境可转移性的系统评价，可能会促使人们重新寻找新的非动物方法，而且随着主流资金的到位，预计在替代方面会有更多进展。
