Rodríguez-Martínez R E
Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 1152, C.P. 77500 Cancún, Quintana Roo, Mexico.
J Environ Manage. 2008 Sep;88(4):1151-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.06.008. Epub 2007 Aug 6.
The case of Puerto Morelos reef marine protected area (MPA) provides an example of a community-based marine conservation initiative to protect a coral reef ecosystem. The establishment and maintenance of this MPA had five stages: (a) identification of community leaders who would participate in the project; (b) generation of consensus on the need to protect the reef through discussions among local stakeholders, NGOs and reef scientists; (c) involvement of government agencies in establishing the status of a MPA; (d) take-over of decision-making by centralized governmental agencies; and (e) continuous problem-solving process between the government and stakeholders. Over a 9-year period, the control of the MPA was taken over by government and stakeholders' participation downgraded from a decision-making to an advice-giving role. Government shortcomings to manage this MPA could be circumvented via collaborative co-management. Given the small population size of the community and strong sense of ownership, there was a high level of participation in the decision-making processes and scientific advisors are present in the area.
莫雷洛斯港珊瑚礁海洋保护区（MPA）的案例提供了一个基于社区的海洋保护倡议的例子，旨在保护珊瑚礁生态系统。该海洋保护区的建立和维护经历了五个阶段：（a）确定参与该项目的社区领袖；（b）通过当地利益相关者、非政府组织和珊瑚礁科学家之间的讨论，就保护珊瑚礁的必要性达成共识；（c）政府机构参与确定海洋保护区的地位；（d）中央政府机构接管决策权；（e）政府与利益相关者之间持续的问题解决过程。在9年的时间里，海洋保护区的控制权被政府接管，利益相关者的参与从决策角色降级为提供建议的角色。政府在管理这个海洋保护区方面的不足可以通过合作共同管理来规避。鉴于社区人口规模小且有强烈的主人翁意识，决策过程中的参与度很高，并且该地区有科学顾问。
