Carr Sherilene M, Phillips James G, Meehan James W
Psychology Department, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Exp Brain Res. 2008 Jan;184(1):95-103. doi: 10.1007/s00221-007-1078-x. Epub 2007 Aug 10.
Visual selective attention is thought to underly inhibitory control during pointing movements. Accounts of inhibitory control during pointing movements make differential predictions about movement deviations towards or away from highly salient non-target flankers based on their potential cortical activation and subsequent inhibition: (1) Tipper et al. (Vis Cogn 4:1-38, 1997) "response vector model" predicts movements away from highly salient flankers; (2) Welsh and Elliott's (Q J Exp Psychol 57:1031-1057, 2004a and J Mot Behav 36:200-211, 2004b) "response activation model" predicts movements towards highly salient flankers early in the response, that is resolved by a race for inhibition. To eliminate the confounds of physical properties, such as obstacle avoidance and information cues of non-target objects, pointing was conducted in a virtual environment (graphical user interface). Participants were 14 skilled computer users who moved a computer cursor with a mouse to virtual targets. Analysis revealed non-target flankers significantly interfered with movement consistent with action centred selective attention, and reflecting a proximity-to-hand effect. Spatial analysis revealed evidence of highly salient flankers attracting movement, and less salient flankers repelling movement, supporting Welsh and Elliott's response activation model. These effects were achieved in a virtual 2D environment where interference caused by the physical properties of objects was less cogent.
视觉选择性注意被认为是指向运动中抑制控制的基础。关于指向运动中抑制控制的理论，基于其潜在的皮层激活和随后的抑制，对朝向或远离高度显著的非目标侧翼刺激的运动偏差做出了不同的预测：（1）蒂珀等人（《视觉认知》4：1 - 38，1997）的“反应向量模型”预测运动会远离高度显著的侧翼刺激；（2）威尔士和埃利奥特（《实验心理学季刊》57：1031 - 1057，2004a和《运动行为杂志》36：200 - 211，2004b）的“反应激活模型”预测在反应早期运动会朝向高度显著的侧翼刺激，这种情况通过抑制竞争来解决。为了消除物理属性的混淆因素，如避障和非目标物体的信息线索，在虚拟环境（图形用户界面）中进行指向操作。参与者是14名熟练的计算机用户，他们用鼠标将计算机光标移动到虚拟目标上。分析表明，非目标侧翼刺激显著干扰了与以动作中心的选择性注意一致的运动，并反映了近手效应。空间分析显示，有证据表明高度显著的侧翼刺激吸引运动，不太显著的侧翼刺激排斥运动，这支持了威尔士和埃利奥特的反应激活模型。这些效应是在一个虚拟二维环境中实现的，在该环境中物体物理属性造成的干扰不太明显。
