Relative sensitivity of early life stages of Arctic grayling, Coho salmon, and rainbow trout to nine inorganics.

The acute toxicity of nine inorganics associated with placer mining sediments to early life stages of Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and rainbow trout (O. mykiss) was determined in soft water (hardness, 41 mg liter-1 CaCO3) at 12 degrees C. The relative toxicities of the inorganics varied by four orders of magnitude; from most toxic to least toxic, the rank order was cadmium, silver, mercury, nickel, gold, arsenite, selenite, selenate, and hexavalent chromium. In general, juvenile life stages of the three species tested were more sensitive to these inorganics than the alevin life stage. Among juveniles, no single species was consistently more sensitive to the inorganics than another; among alevins, Arctic grayling were generally more sensitive than coho salmon and rainbow trout. Based on the results of the present study, estimated no-effect concentrations of arsenic and mercury, but not cadmium, chromium, gold, nickel, selenium, or silver, are close to their concentrations reported in streams with active placer mines in Alaska. Thus, arsenic (as arsenite(III)) and mercury may pose a hazard to Arctic grayling and coho salmon in Alaskan streams with active placer mines.