Buhl K J, Hamilton S J
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Fisheries Contaminant Research Center, Yankton, South Dakota 57078.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1991 Oct;22(2):184-97. doi: 10.1016/0147-6513(91)90058-w.
The acute toxicity of nine inorganics associated with placer mining sediments to early life stages of Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and rainbow trout (O. mykiss) was determined in soft water (hardness, 41 mg liter-1 CaCO3) at 12 degrees C. The relative toxicities of the inorganics varied by four orders of magnitude; from most toxic to least toxic, the rank order was cadmium, silver, mercury, nickel, gold, arsenite, selenite, selenate, and hexavalent chromium. In general, juvenile life stages of the three species tested were more sensitive to these inorganics than the alevin life stage. Among juveniles, no single species was consistently more sensitive to the inorganics than another; among alevins, Arctic grayling were generally more sensitive than coho salmon and rainbow trout. Based on the results of the present study, estimated no-effect concentrations of arsenic and mercury, but not cadmium, chromium, gold, nickel, selenium, or silver, are close to their concentrations reported in streams with active placer mines in Alaska. Thus, arsenic (as arsenite(III)) and mercury may pose a hazard to Arctic grayling and coho salmon in Alaskan streams with active placer mines.
在12摄氏度的软水（硬度为41毫克/升碳酸钙）中，测定了与砂矿沉积物相关的9种无机物对北极茴鱼（Thymallus arcticus）、银大麻哈鱼（Oncorhynchus kisutch）和虹鳟（O. mykiss）早期生命阶段的急性毒性。这些无机物的相对毒性相差四个数量级；从毒性最大到最小，排序为镉、银、汞、镍、金、亚砷酸盐、亚硒酸盐、硒酸盐和六价铬。一般来说，所测试的三个物种的幼体生命阶段比仔鱼生命阶段对这些无机物更敏感。在幼体中，没有一个物种对无机物的敏感性始终高于另一个物种；在仔鱼中，北极茴鱼通常比银大麻哈鱼和虹鳟更敏感。根据本研究结果，砷和汞（而非镉、铬、金、镍、硒或银）的估计无效应浓度接近阿拉斯加有活跃砂矿的溪流中报告的浓度。因此，砷（以亚砷酸盐（III）形式）和汞可能对阿拉斯加有活跃砂矿的溪流中的北极茴鱼和银大麻哈鱼构成危害。
