Micro-spatial population differentiation in activity of glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase (GPO) from mitochondria of Drosophila melanogaster.

Replicate mass-bred laboratory populations of D. melanogaster were derived from females collected in the Tahbilk winery cellar and from females collected outside but from within two kilometers of the cellar. When mitochondrial extracts from larvae were assayed for specific activity of glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase the cellar populations had levels only 50% of those from the outside area, confirming an earlier report of such a difference among isofemale lines derived from these same areas. This micro-spatial differentiation occurred when larvae were raised on a medium supplemented with both sucrose (5% w/v) and ethanol (4% v/v), known to effect high GPO activity, but was not detected when the larvae were raised on unsupplemented medium. A heritable basis for larval GPO activity variation was confirmed in a set of 32 isogenic second chromosome substitution lines and measured in a subset of 4 of these lines about 25 generations later. A reciprocal cross using two isogenic substitution lines with the highest and lowest activities suggested the difference was attributable to genes acting additively and that there were no maternal or paternal effects. The detection of a collection site difference in GPO enzyme activity in the isogenic lines suggests that polymorphic variation on the second chromosome is responsible for the differentiation at the winery. Variation in adult GPO activity did not show a dependence on the winery location from where the isogenic lines were derived nor was there an effect of line. Adult GPO activity was significantly higher than that detected in larval tissues and did not show a dependence on the sugar/ethanol level in the growth medium.