van Zomeren Martijn, Spears Russell, Leach Colin Wayne
Department of Social Psychology (FPP), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Br J Soc Psychol. 2008 Jun;47(Pt 2):353-72. doi: 10.1348/014466607X231091. Epub 2007 Aug 11.
Two studies examined how the relevance of group identity influences two psychological mechanisms of collective action: Emotion- and problem-focused coping with collective disadvantage. Extending Van Zomeren, Spears, Fischer, and Leach's (2004) integrative theoretical model of coping with collective disadvantage, we predicted that when group identity is more relevant to disadvantaged group members, it increases their collective action tendencies through their feelings of group-based anger about their group's disadvantage. When group identity is less relevant and hence emotion-focused coping processes are less likely, group-efficacy beliefs become more predictive of disadvantaged group members' collective action tendencies because people focus more instrumentally on whether collective action will be effective (and benefit them) or not. A field study and a follow-up experiment both showed that the relevance of group identity facilitated emotion-focused coping and moderated problem-focused coping with collective disadvantage. We discuss these results in terms of two distinct psychological mechanisms of collective action.
以情感为导向和以问题为导向应对集体劣势。扩展了范·佐默伦、斯皮尔斯、菲舍尔和利奇（2004年）应对集体劣势的综合理论模型，我们预测，当群体身份与弱势群体成员更相关时，它会通过他们对群体劣势基于群体的愤怒情绪增加他们的集体行动倾向。当群体身份相关性较低，因此以情感为导向的应对过程不太可能时，群体效能信念对弱势群体成员的集体行动倾向变得更具预测性，因为人们更具工具性地关注集体行动是否会有效（并使他们受益）。一项实地研究和一项后续实验均表明，群体身份的相关性促进了以情感为导向的应对，并调节了以问题为导向应对集体劣势的方式。我们根据集体行动的两种不同心理机制来讨论这些结果。
