Cetinkaya Altug, Brannan Paul A
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Eye Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2007 Sep;18(5):424-9. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0b013e3282be9032.
The treatment options for the management of dystonias continue to evolve and improve. Clinical outcomes, however, are not predictably consistent using a single treatment regimen in all patients.
Botulinum toxin is still considered the best treatment option for the treatment of focal dystonias: blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, and apraxia of eyelid opening. New findings indicate that physicians may be a little more aggressive with the dosage when the disease progresses. A new formulation of botulinum toxin has been produced that includes no proteins and may address the immunoresistance that can occur with prolonged use. Additional systemic medications may be helpful as adjuncts only in selected cases. Improved surgical techniques are now more successful and cause fewer complications. Therefore, many refractory cases are now offered a surgical approach alone or in combination with botulinum toxin.
There have been recent therapeutic developments in the treatment of ocular dystonias.
肌张力障碍的治疗选择不断发展和改进。然而，在所有患者中使用单一治疗方案，临床结果并非可预测地一致。
肉毒杆菌毒素仍然被认为是治疗局灶性肌张力障碍（眼睑痉挛、半面痉挛和眼睑开合失用症）的最佳治疗选择。新发现表明，当疾病进展时，医生在剂量方面可能会更积极一些。已经生产出一种不含蛋白质的肉毒杆菌毒素新制剂，可能解决长期使用时可能出现的免疫抵抗问题。仅在某些特定情况下，额外的全身性药物作为辅助治疗可能会有帮助。改进的手术技术现在更成功且并发症更少。因此，现在许多难治性病例单独采用手术方法或与肉毒杆菌毒素联合使用。
眼部肌张力障碍的治疗最近有了治疗进展。
