Aukes Leo C, Geertsma Jelle, Cohen-Schotanus Janke, Zwierstra Rein P, Slaets Joris P J
Center for Research and Innovation of Medical Education, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.
Med Teach. 2007 Mar;29(2-3):177-82. doi: 10.1080/01421590701299272.
Personal reflection is important for acquiring, maintaining and enhancing balanced medical professionalism. A new scale, the Groningen Reflection Ability Scale (GRAS), was developed to measure the personal reflection ability of medical students.
Explorative literature study was conducted to gather an initial pool of items. Item selection took place using qualitative and quantitative methods. Medical teachers screened the initial item-pool on relevance, expert-analysis was used for screening the fidelity to the criterion and large samples of medical students and medical teachers were used to investigate the psychometric characteristics of the items. Finally, explorative factor analysis was used to investigate the structure of the scale.
The psychometric quality and content validity of the GRAS are satisfactory. The items cover three aspects of personal reflection: self-reflection, empathetic reflection and reflective communication. The 23-item scale proved to be easy to complete and to administer.
The GRAS is a practical measurement instrument that yields reliable data that contribute to valid inferences about the personal reflection ability of medical students and doctors, both at individual and group level.
个人反思对于获得、保持和提升平衡的医学职业素养至关重要。开发了一种新的量表——格罗宁根反思能力量表（GRAS），以测量医学生的个人反思能力。
进行探索性文献研究以收集初始项目池。使用定性和定量方法进行项目选择。医学教师对初始项目池进行相关性筛选，采用专家分析筛选与标准的契合度，并使用大量医学生和医学教师样本调查项目的心理测量特征。最后，采用探索性因素分析来研究量表的结构。
GRAS的心理测量质量和内容效度令人满意。这些项目涵盖个人反思的三个方面：自我反思、共情反思和反思性沟通。这个包含23个条目的量表被证明易于完成和实施。
GRAS是一种实用的测量工具，能产生可靠的数据，有助于在个体和群体层面上对医学生和医生的个人反思能力进行有效的推断。
