Tebes Jacob Kraemer, Feinn Richard, Vanderploeg Jeffrey J, Chinman Matthew J, Shepard Jane, Brabham Tamika, Genovese Maegan, Connell Christian
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 2007 Sep;41(3):239-47. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.02.016. Epub 2007 May 3.
Positive youth development (PYD) emphasizes a strengths-based approach to the promotion of positive outcomes for adolescents. After-school programs provide a unique opportunity to implement PYD approaches and to address adolescent risk factors for negative outcomes, such as unsupervised out-of-school time. This study examines the effectiveness of an after-school program delivered in urban settings on the prevention of adolescent substance use.
A total of 304 adolescents participated in the study: 149 in the intervention group and 155 in a control group. A comprehensive PYD intervention that included delivery of an 18-session curriculum previously found to be effective in preventing substance use in school settings was adapted for use in urban after-school settings. The intervention emphasizes adolescents' use of effective decision-making skills to prevent drug use. Assessments of substance use attitudes and behaviors were conducted at program entry, program completion, and at the 1-year follow-up to program entry. Propensity scores were computed and entered in the analyses to control for any pretest differences between intervention and control groups. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analyses were conducted to assess program effectiveness.
The results demonstrate that adolescents receiving the intervention were significantly more likely to view drugs as harmful at program exit, and exhibited significantly lower increases in alcohol, marijuana, other drug use, and any drug use 1 year after beginning the program.
A PYD intervention developed for use in an urban after-school setting is effective in preventing adolescent substance use.
积极青少年发展（PYD）强调采用基于优势的方法来促进青少年取得积极成果。课后项目为实施PYD方法以及解决青少年负面结果的风险因素（如无人监管的校外时间）提供了独特机会。本研究考察了在城市环境中开展的一个课后项目对预防青少年药物使用的效果。
共有304名青少年参与了该研究：149名在干预组，155名在对照组。一项全面的PYD干预措施，包括采用之前发现对预防学校环境中的药物使用有效的18节课程，进行了调整以适用于城市课后环境。该干预强调青少年运用有效的决策技能来预防药物使用。在项目开始时、项目结束时以及项目开始后1年的随访时，对药物使用态度和行为进行了评估。计算倾向得分并纳入分析，以控制干预组和对照组之间的任何预测试差异。进行了分层线性模型（HLM）分析以评估项目效果。
结果表明，接受干预的青少年在项目结束时显著更有可能将毒品视为有害，并且在开始项目1年后，其酒精、大麻、其他药物使用以及任何药物使用的增加幅度显著更低。
为城市课后环境开发的PYD干预措施在预防青少年药物使用方面是有效的。
