Sigfúsdóttir Inga Dóra, Thorlindsson Thorolfur, Kristjánsson Alfgeir Logi, Roe Kathleen M, Allegrante John P
Centre for Social Research and Analysis, School of Health and Education, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Health Promot Int. 2009 Mar;24(1):16-25. doi: 10.1093/heapro/dan038. Epub 2008 Dec 11.
Data from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs have shown that adolescent substance use is a growing problem in western and particularly Eastern European countries. This paper describes the development, implementation and results of the Icelandic Model of Adolescent Substance Use Prevention. The Icelandic Model is a theoretically grounded, evidence-based approach to community adolescent substance use prevention that has grown out of collaboration between policy makers, behavioural scientists, field-based practitioners and community residents in Iceland. The intervention focuses on reducing known risk factors for substance use, while strengthening a broad range of parental, school and community protective factors. Annual cross-sectional surveys demonstrate the impact of the intervention on substance use among the population of 14- to 16-year-old Icelandic adolescents. The annual data from two cohorts of over 7000 adolescents (>81% response rate) show that the proportions of those who reported being drunk during the last 30 days, smoking one cigarette or more per day and having tried hashish once all declined steadily from 1997 to 2007. The proportions of adolescents who reported spending time with their parents and that their parents knew with whom they were spending their time increased substantially. Other community protective factors also showed positive changes. Although these data suggest that this adolescent substance use prevention approach successfully strengthened a broad range of parental, school and community protective factors, the evidence of its impact on reducing substance use needs to be considered in light of the correlational data on which these observations are based.
欧洲酒精及其他药物学校调查项目的数据显示，青少年物质使用问题在西欧尤其是东欧国家日益严重。本文介绍了冰岛青少年物质使用预防模式的发展、实施情况及成果。冰岛模式是一种基于理论、以证据为基础的社区青少年物质使用预防方法，它源于冰岛政策制定者、行为科学家、实地从业者和社区居民之间的合作。该干预措施侧重于减少已知的物质使用风险因素，同时强化一系列广泛的家庭、学校和社区保护因素。年度横断面调查证明了该干预措施对冰岛14至16岁青少年群体物质使用情况的影响。来自两个超过7000名青少年队列（回应率>81%）的年度数据显示，在1997年至2007年期间，报告在过去30天内喝醉、每天吸烟一支或更多以及尝试过一次大麻的青少年比例均稳步下降。报告与父母共度时光以及父母知道他们与谁共度时光的青少年比例大幅增加。其他社区保护因素也呈现出积极变化。尽管这些数据表明这种青少年物质使用预防方法成功强化了一系列广泛的家庭、学校和社区保护因素，但鉴于这些观察结果所基于的相关性数据，其对减少物质使用的影响证据仍需加以考量。
