Dick Randall, Hootman Jennifer M, Agel Julie, Vela Luzita, Marshall Stephen W, Messina Renee
National Collegiate Athletic Association, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
J Athl Train. 2007 Apr-Jun;42(2):211-20.
To review 15 years of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) injury surveillance data for women's field hockey and identify potential areas for injury prevention initiatives.
Field hockey is one of the most popular sports worldwide and is growing in participation in the United States, particularly among women. From 1988-1989 to 2002-2003, participation in NCAA women's field hockey increased 12%, with the largest growth among Division III programs. In 2002- 2003, 253 colleges offered women's field hockey and 5385 women participated.
Game injury rates showed a significant average annual 2.5% decline over 15 years, most likely fueled by drops in ankle ligament sprain, knee internal derangement, and finger fracture injuries. Despite this, ankle ligament sprains were common (13.7% of game and 15.0% of practice injuries) and a frequent cause of severe injuries (resulting in 10+ days of time-loss activity). Concussion and head laceration injuries increased over this same time, and the risk of sustaining a concussion in a game was 6 times higher than the risk of sustaining one during practice. Overall, injury rates were twice as high in games as in practices (7.87 versus 3.70 injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures, rate ratio = 2.1, 95% confidence interval = 2.0, 2.3). Most head/neck/face (71%) and hand/finger/thumb (68%) injuries occurred when the player was near the goal or within the 25-yd line and were caused by contact with the stick or ball (greater than 77% for both body sites); for 34% of head/neck/ face injuries, a penalty was called on the play.
Equipment (requiring helmets and padded gloves) and rule changes (to decrease field congestion near the goal) as well as evidence-based injury prevention interventions (eg, prophylactic ankle taping/bracing, neuromuscular balance exercise programs) may be viable prevention initiatives for reducing injury rates in women's collegiate field hockey players.
回顾美国国家大学体育协会（NCAA）15年的女子曲棍球伤病监测数据，并确定预防伤病措施的潜在领域。
曲棍球是全球最受欢迎的运动之一，在美国参与人数不断增加，尤其是在女性中。从1988 - 1989年到2002 - 2003年，NCAA女子曲棍球的参与人数增加了12%，其中第三分区项目增长幅度最大。在2002 - 2003年，有253所大学提供女子曲棍球项目，5385名女性参与其中。
在15年期间，比赛伤病率平均每年显著下降2.5%，这很可能是由于踝关节韧带扭伤、膝关节内部紊乱和手指骨折受伤人数减少所致。尽管如此，踝关节韧带扭伤仍然很常见（占比赛伤病的13.7%，训练伤病的15.0%），并且是严重伤病的常见原因（导致10天以上的失能活动时间）。在同一时期，脑震荡和头部撕裂伤有所增加，比赛中发生脑震荡的风险比训练时高6倍。总体而言，比赛中的伤病率是训练中的两倍（每1000次运动员暴露中，比赛伤病率为7.87，训练伤病率为3.70，率比 = 2.1，95%置信区间 = 2.0，2.3）。大多数头部/颈部/面部（71%）和手部/手指/拇指（68%）的伤病发生在球员靠近球门或在25码线内时，是由与球棍或球接触所致（两个身体部位均超过77%）；对于34%的头部/颈部/面部伤病，该场比赛会判罚。
设备（要求佩戴头盔和有衬垫的手套）和规则变更（减少球门附近的场地拥堵）以及循证伤病预防干预措施（例如，预防性踝关节绑扎/支撑、神经肌肉平衡锻炼计划）可能是降低女子大学曲棍球运动员伤病率的可行预防措施。
