Coley Rebekah Levine, Lohman Brenda J, Votruba-Drzal Elizabeth, Pittman Laura D, Chase-Lansdale P Lindsay
Boston College.
Child Youth Serv Rev. 2007 Jun;29(6):721-741. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2006.12.003.
Numerous studies have assessed families' employment and financial stability following welfare reform. Yet little research has addressed whether welfare and work transitions are linked with other changes in family functioning. Using a representative sample of approximately 2,000 low-income urban families from the Three-City Study, analyses assessed whether mothers' welfare and employment experiences over a two-year period following welfare reform were related to changes in family well-being. Lagged regression models controlling for family characteristics and earlier levels of functioning found that moving into employment and stable employment (of 30 hours or more per week) were linked to substantial increases in income and improvements in mothers' psychological well-being. Movements into employment also were associated with declines in financial strain and food insecurity. Sustained or initiated welfare receipt was related to relative declines in income, physical health, and psychological well-being, but also to improved access to medical care. In contrast, mothers' welfare and work experiences showed very limited relations to changes in the quality of parenting or of children's home environments. These patterns were similar for families with young children and those with adolescent children. Results suggest that parenting behaviors are more resistant to change than are maternal emotional and economic functioning.
众多研究评估了福利改革后家庭的就业和经济稳定性。然而，鲜有研究探讨福利与工作转变是否与家庭功能的其他变化相关。利用“三城市研究”中约2000个低收入城市家庭的代表性样本，分析评估了福利改革后两年内母亲的福利和就业经历是否与家庭幸福感的变化有关。控制家庭特征和早期功能水平的滞后回归模型发现，进入就业状态和稳定就业（每周30小时或更多）与收入大幅增加以及母亲心理健康状况改善有关。进入就业状态也与经济压力和粮食不安全状况的下降有关。持续领取福利或开始领取福利与收入、身体健康和心理健康的相对下降有关，但也与获得医疗服务的改善有关。相比之下，母亲的福利和工作经历与育儿质量或孩子家庭环境的变化关系非常有限。有幼儿的家庭和有青少年子女的家庭的这些模式相似。结果表明，育儿行为比母亲的情感和经济功能更具抗变化性。
