[Synthesis of artifical genome as the basis of synthetic biology].

Recent achievements in the whole-genome sequencing especially viral and bacterial ones, together with the development of methods of bioinformatics and molecular biology, have created preconditions for transition from synthesis of genes to assembly of the whole genomes from chemically synthesized blocks, oligonucleotides. The creation of artificial genomes and artificial cells, will undoubtedly render huge influence on a deepening of knowledge of mechanisms of functioning of living systems at a cellular level, on a way of origin and evolution of life, and also on biotechnology of the future, and will generate preconditions for the further development of synthetic biology and nanobiotechnology.