Perkins David R, Dougher Michael J, Greenway David E
Psychology Department, University of Louisiana, Lafayette 70504-3131, USA.
J Exp Anal Behav. 2007 Jul;88(1):87-102. doi: 10.1901/jeab.2007.36-04.
This study investigated conditions leading to contextual control by stimulus topography over transfer of functions. Three 4-member stimulus equivalence classes, each consisting of four (A, B, C, D) topographically distinct visual stimuli, were established for 5 college students. Across classes, designated A stimuli were open-ended linear figures, B stimuli were circular, C stimuli three-sided, and D stimuli four-sided. Three different computer tasks then were trained with the B stimuli. Differential reinforcement and punishment procedures were then used to establish control over function transfer by the topography of the class members. For Task 1, function transfer, responding to C and D stimuli as subjects had to B stimuli, was reinforced. For Task 2, function transfer was reinforced for C stimuli but punished for D stimuli. For Task 3, function transfer was punished for both C and D stimuli. New equivalence classes were then established and tests for generalized contextual control were presented. All 5 subjects showed generalized contextual control of transfer of functions by stimulus topography. Implications of contextual control over function transfer in natural settings are discussed.
本研究调查了导致刺激形态对功能转移进行情境控制的条件。为5名大学生建立了三个由4个成员组成的刺激等价类，每个等价类由四个在形态上不同的视觉刺激（A、B、C、D）组成。在各个等价类中，指定的A刺激是开放式线性图形，B刺激是圆形，C刺激是三边的，D刺激是四边的。然后用B刺激训练三种不同的计算机任务。接着采用差别强化和惩罚程序，通过等价类成员的形态来建立对功能转移的控制。对于任务1，功能转移，即像对B刺激那样对C和D刺激做出反应，得到强化。对于任务2，对C刺激的功能转移得到强化，但对D刺激的功能转移进行惩罚。对于任务3，对C和D刺激的功能转移都进行惩罚。然后建立新的等价类，并进行广义情境控制测试。所有5名受试者都表现出刺激形态对功能转移的广义情境控制。讨论了在自然环境中情境控制对功能转移的影响。
