Kubo R
Science. 1986 Jul 18;233(4761):330-4. doi: 10.1126/science.233.4761.330.
This article is a personal reflection of the branch of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics called the linear response theory that has as its heart the fluctuation-dissipation thereom, which states that irreversible processes ip nonequilibrium are necessarily related to thermal fluctuations in equilibrium. Its origi lies in the Einstein relation for the diffusion constant and the mobility of a Brownian particle. The short history of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem is described. Then the linear response theory is brifly summarized and the meaning of stochastization is considered. The Langevin equation approach and its extensions are reviewed.
本文是对非平衡统计力学中被称为线性响应理论的一个分支的个人思考，该理论的核心是涨落耗散定理，该定理指出非平衡态下的不可逆过程必然与平衡态下的热涨落相关。它起源于布朗粒子扩散常数与迁移率的爱因斯坦关系。文中描述了涨落耗散定理的简短历史。接着简要总结了线性响应理论，并探讨了随机化的意义。回顾了朗之万方程方法及其扩展。
