Weissberg R P, Caplan M, Harwood R L
Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-7447.
J Consult Clin Psychol. 1991 Dec;59(6):830-41. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.59.6.830.
Recent studies indicate that 15-22% of American children and adolescents suffer from diagnosable mental disorders. Researchers estimate that 25-50% engage in risk behaviors for negative health and behavior outcomes, such as drug abuse, unwanted pregnancy, AIDS, delinquency, and school dropout. The prevalence of problem behaviors, as well as current social trends, demands that effective primary prevention programs be developed and disseminated. This article reviews successful family-, school-, and community-based prevention efforts aimed at reducing the incidence and severity of children's psychosocial problems. High-quality, comprehensive, competence-promotion programs that focus on both children and their socializing environments represent the state of the art in prevention. Establishing enduring, effective preventive interventions requires increased attention to program design, implementation, and institutionalization.
近期研究表明，15%至22%的美国儿童和青少年患有可诊断的精神障碍。研究人员估计，25%至50%的儿童和青少年存在对健康和行为产生负面影响的风险行为，如药物滥用、意外怀孕、艾滋病、犯罪和辍学。问题行为的普遍存在以及当前的社会趋势，要求制定并推广有效的初级预防项目。本文回顾了旨在降低儿童心理社会问题发生率和严重程度的成功的家庭、学校和社区预防措施。注重儿童及其社交环境的高质量、综合性、能力提升项目代表了预防领域的先进水平。建立持久、有效的预防性干预措施需要更多地关注项目设计、实施和制度化。
