Janhonen S
Scand J Caring Sci. 1991;5(3):135-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-6712.1991.tb00098.x.
The nursing and educational perspectives of nurse instructors (NIs) were compared. Three nursing perspectives (professional, vocational and technical) and two educational perspectives (inner teaching and outer teaching) were measured by quantitative methods. The evaluation of the perspectives was carried out by a questionnaire (sent to 268 NIs, of whom 72% responded) with both closed-ended and open-ended questions. Factor analysis produced the following factors: 1) a technical nursing perspective and an outer teaching perspective (unqualified NIs and older NIs had a more technical nursing perspective and a more marked outer teaching perspective); 2) a professional nursing perspective; and 3) an inner teaching perspective. It was shown by discriminant analysis that NIs displaying features (2) and (3) were qualified NIs.
对护士教员（NI）的护理和教育观点进行了比较。采用定量方法测量了三种护理观点（专业、职业和技术）和两种教育观点（内部教学和外部教学）。通过一份问卷（发送给268名NI，其中72%做出了回应）对这些观点进行评估，问卷包含封闭式和开放式问题。因子分析产生了以下因子：1）技术护理观点和外部教学观点（不合格的NI和年长的NI具有更强的技术护理观点和更明显的外部教学观点）；2）专业护理观点；3）内部教学观点。判别分析表明，表现出特征（2）和（3）的NI是合格的NI。
