Stavros Hui-Chen W, Bossart Gregory D, Hulsey Thomas C, Fair Patricia A
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Center for Coastal Environmental Health & Biomolecular Research, 219 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2007 Dec 15;388(1-3):300-15. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.07.030. Epub 2007 Aug 31.
Concentrations of trace elements (Al, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Tl, U, V, Zn) and total mercury (THg) were determined in skin samples collected from free-ranging bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) populations. Dolphins were captured in the estuarine waters of Charleston (CHS), South Carolina (n=74) and the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), Florida (n=75) during 2003, 2004 and 2005. A subset of the skin tissue samples were used to determine methylmercury (MeHg) levels in CHS (n=17) and IRL (n=8) bottlenose dolphins. Distributions of trace element concentrations by age (adult vs. juvenile), gender (male vs. female) and study area (CHS vs. IRL) were examined. In general, higher elemental skin concentrations were found in CHS adult males than those of IRL adult males, except for THg and MeHg. For CHS dolphins, adult females showed significantly higher THg levels than juvenile females while higher Mn levels were found in juvenile females. For IRL dolphins, adult males showed significantly higher As concentrations than that in juvenile males and females while higher Co and V levels were found in juvenile males than adult males. Of all elements measured in this study, significantly higher levels of Fe, Se and Zn concentrations in skin tissue of both dolphin populations were similar to other studies reported previously. Percentage of MeHg/THg in skin tissue of CHS and IRL dolphin was about 72% and 73%, respectively. Dietary levels of trace elements may play an important role in contributing to concentration differences for As, Co, Mn, Sb, Se, THg and Tl between CHS and IRL dolphins. Total Hg concentrations were significantly correlated with the age of CHS dolphins, while an inverse relationship was detected for Cu, Mn, Pb, U and Zn. The only significant correlation found between trace element concentration and IRL dolphins' age was Mn. Geographic differences in several trace element concentrations (As, Co, Mn, Sb, Se, THg and Tl) in skin tissue may be potentially useful to discriminate between dolphin populations and is a possibility that warrants further investigation.
对从自由放养的宽吻海豚（瓶鼻海豚）种群采集的皮肤样本中的微量元素（铝、砷、钡、铍、镉、钴、铬、铜、铁、锂、锰、镍、铅、锑、硒、锡、铊、铀、钒、锌）和总汞（THg）进行了测定。2003年、2004年和2005年期间，在南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿（CHS）的河口水域捕获了74头海豚，在佛罗里达州的印度河泻湖（IRL）捕获了75头海豚。皮肤组织样本的一个子集用于测定CHS（n = 17）和IRL（n = 8）宽吻海豚体内的甲基汞（MeHg）水平。研究了按年龄（成年与幼年）、性别（雄性与雌性）和研究区域（CHS与IRL）划分的微量元素浓度分布情况。总体而言，除了THg和MeHg外，CHS成年雄性海豚皮肤中的元素浓度高于IRL成年雄性海豚。对于CHS海豚，成年雌性海豚的THg水平显著高于幼年雌性海豚，而幼年雌性海豚的锰含量更高。对于IRL海豚，成年雄性海豚的砷浓度显著高于幼年雄性和雌性海豚，而幼年雄性海豚的钴和钒含量高于成年雄性海豚。在本研究中测量的所有元素中，两个海豚种群皮肤组织中铁、硒和锌的浓度显著较高，这与之前报道的其他研究结果相似。CHS和IRL海豚皮肤组织中MeHg/THg的百分比分别约为72%和73%。饮食中的微量元素水平可能在导致CHS和IRL海豚之间砷、钴、锰、锑、硒、THg和铊的浓度差异方面发挥重要作用。CHS海豚的总汞浓度与年龄显著相关，而铜、锰、铅、铀和锌则呈现负相关。在微量元素浓度与IRL海豚年龄之间发现的唯一显著相关性是锰。皮肤组织中几种微量元素浓度（砷、钴、锰、锑、硒、THg和铊）的地理差异可能有助于区分海豚种群，值得进一步研究。
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