Fair Patricia A, Mitchum Gregory, Hulsey Thomas C, Adams Jeff, Zolman Eric, McFee Wayne, Wirth Ed, Bossart Gregory D
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Center for Coastal Environmental Health & Biomolecular Research, 219 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2007 Oct;53(3):483-94. doi: 10.1007/s00244-006-0244-7. Epub 2007 Jul 4.
Blubber tissue samples from bottlenose dolphins collected during the summers of 2003 and 2004 were screened for 13 (17, 28, 47, 66, 71, 85, 99, 100, 138, 154, 153, 183, 190) polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from dolphin populations in the Indian River Lagoon, FL (n = 58) and the Charleston Harbor estuary, SC (n = 53). Within each population, we investigated contaminant levels of PBDEs and the effects of factors including age, sex, the interaction of age and sex, and location. Six PBDE congeners (28, 47, 99, 100, 153, and 154) were routinely detected in all samples using gas chromatography/mass spectometry methods. Significantly higher (p <or= 0.0001) mean SigmaPBDE blubber concentrations were observed for Charleston dolphins (X = 5,860 ng/g lipid; range = 429-22,780 ng/g lipid) when compared to Indian River Lagoon dolphins (X= 1,260 ng/g lipid; range = 195-3,790 ng/g lipid). PBDE 47 was the major congener representing approximately 61% of the SigmaPBDE in both dolphin populations, followed by BDE100, BDE154, BDE99, BDE153, and BDE28, respectively. Significantly higher (p < 0.0001) mean SigmaPBDE were observed in adult male dolphins compared to pregnant and adult female dolphins at both sites, with gender differences two-fold in the Indian River Lagoon and twelve-fold for Charleston. For Charleston dolphins, the juveniles in addition to the adult males also had significantly higher levels compared to pregnant and adult females. This study establishes baseline levels of PBDEs in bottlenose dolphins for these two areas and is the first assessment of PBDEs in free-ranging dolphins. The levels of PBDEs in Charleston dolphins represent some of the highest measured in marine mammals and warrants further investigation of these emerging, bioaccumulative chemicals and their potential deleterious effects.
对2003年和2004年夏季采集的宽吻海豚的鲸脂组织样本进行了检测，以筛查来自佛罗里达州印第安河泻湖（n = 58）和南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿港河口（n = 53）的海豚种群中的13种（17、28、47、66、71、85、99、100、138、154、153、183、190）多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）。在每个种群中，我们调查了PBDEs的污染物水平以及年龄、性别、年龄与性别的相互作用和地理位置等因素的影响。使用气相色谱/质谱法在所有样本中均常规检测到六种PBDE同系物（28、47、99、100、153和154）。与印第安河泻湖的海豚（X = 1,260 ng/g脂质；范围 = 195 - 3,790 ng/g脂质）相比，查尔斯顿的海豚（X = 5,860 ng/g脂质；范围 = 429 - 22,780 ng/g脂质）的平均总PBDE鲸脂浓度显著更高（p≤0.0001）。PBDE 47是主要同系物，在两个海豚种群中分别占总PBDE的约61%，其次分别是BDE100、BDE154、BDE99、BDE153和BDE28。在两个地点，成年雄性海豚的平均总PBDE水平均显著高于怀孕和成年雌性海豚（p < 0.0001），在印第安河泻湖性别差异为两倍，在查尔斯顿为十二倍。对于查尔斯顿的海豚，除成年雄性外，幼年海豚的水平也显著高于怀孕和成年雌性。本研究确定了这两个地区宽吻海豚中PBDEs的基线水平，是首次对野生海豚中PBDEs的评估。查尔斯顿海豚体内的PBDEs水平是在海洋哺乳动物中测得的一些最高水平，值得进一步研究这些新兴的、具有生物累积性的化学物质及其潜在的有害影响。
