Hille Elysée T M, Weisglas-Kuperus Nynke, van Goudoever J B, Jacobusse Gert W, Ens-Dokkum Martina H, de Groot Laila, Wit Jan M, Geven Wil B, Kok Joke H, de Kleine Martin J K, Kollée Louis A A, Mulder A L M, van Straaten H L M, de Vries Linda S, van Weissenbruch Mirjam M, Verloove-Vanhorick S Pauline
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Pediatrics. 2007 Sep;120(3):e587-95. doi: 10.1542/peds.2006-2407.
Young adults who were born very preterm or with a very low birth weight remain at risk for physical and neurodevelopmental problems and lower academic achievement scores. Data, however, are scarce, hospital based, mostly done in small populations, and need additional confirmation.
Infants who were born at < 32 weeks of gestation and/or with a birth weight of < 1500 g in The Netherlands in 1983 (Project on Preterm and Small for Gestational Age Infants) were reexamined at age 19. Outcomes were adjusted for nonrespondents using multiple imputation and categorized into none, mild, moderate, or severe problems.
Of 959 surviving young adults, 74% were assessed and/or completed the questionnaires. Moderate or severe problems were present in 4.3% for cognition, 1.8% for hearing, 1.9% for vision, and 8.1% for neuromotor functioning. Using the Health Utility Index and the London Handicap Scale, we found 2.0% and 4.5%, respectively, of the young adults to have > or = 3 affected areas in activities and participation. Special education or lesser level was completed by 24%, and 7.6% neither had a paid job nor followed any education. Overall, 31.7% had > or = 1 moderate or severe problems in the assessed areas.
A total of 12.6% of young adults who were born very preterm and/or with a very low birth weight had moderate or severe problems in cognitive or neurosensory functioning. Compared with the general Dutch population, twice as many young adults who were born very preterm and/or with a very low birth weight were poorly educated, and 3 times as many were neither employed nor in school at age 19.
极早产或极低出生体重的年轻人仍面临身体和神经发育问题以及学业成绩较低的风险。然而，相关数据稀缺，多基于医院，且大多在小群体中开展，需要进一步证实。
对1983年在荷兰出生时孕周小于32周和/或出生体重小于1500克的婴儿（早产和小于胎龄儿项目）在19岁时进行复查。使用多重填补法对未应答者的结果进行调整，并将结果分为无、轻度、中度或重度问题。
在959名存活的年轻人中，74%接受了评估和/或完成了问卷调查。认知方面存在中度或重度问题的比例为4.3%，听力为1.8%，视力为1.9%，神经运动功能为8.1%。使用健康效用指数和伦敦残疾量表，我们发现分别有2.0%和4.5%的年轻人在活动和参与方面有≥3个受影响的领域。24%的人完成了特殊教育或更低水平的教育，7.6%的人既没有带薪工作也没有接受任何教育。总体而言，31.7%的人在评估领域存在≥1个中度或重度问题。
共有12.6%的极早产和/或极低出生体重的年轻人在认知或神经感觉功能方面存在中度或重度问题。与荷兰普通人群相比，极早产和/或极低出生体重的年轻人中受教育程度低的人数是普通人群的两倍，19岁时既未就业也未上学的人数是普通人群的三倍。
