Trotter Tracy L, Martin Helen M
San Ramon Valley Primary Care Medical Group, 200 Porter Dr, 3rd Floor, San Ramon, CA 94583, USA.
Pediatrics. 2007 Sep;120 Suppl 2:S60-5. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-1010D.
The family history is a critical element in pediatric medicine and represents the gateway to the molecular age of medicine for both pediatric clinicians and their patients. The pediatric clinician has several opportunities to obtain a family history and multiple clinical and educational uses for that information. Available methods include paper and digital forms, classical pedigrees, online programs, and focused family history at the time of a new diagnosis or problem. Numerous barriers impede the application of family history information to primary pediatric practice. The most common barrier is the limited amount of time the typical primary care encounter allows for its collection. The family history can be used in many facets of pediatric practice: (1) as a diagnostic tool and guide to testing and evaluation; (2) to identify patterns of inheritance; and (3) as a patient-education tool. The most exciting future use of family history is as a tool for public health and preventive medicine. More accurately identifying children at risk for common chronic conditions such as diabetes, asthma, and cardiovascular disease could change the primary care clinician's approach to pediatric medicine.
家族史是儿科学中的关键要素，对儿科临床医生及其患者而言，它代表着通往医学分子时代的大门。儿科临床医生有多次机会获取家族史，且这些信息有多种临床和教育用途。可用的方法包括纸质和数字表格、经典系谱图、在线程序，以及在新诊断或出现问题时进行的重点家族史询问。众多障碍阻碍了家族史信息在儿科初级诊疗中的应用。最常见的障碍是典型的初级保健诊疗过程中用于收集家族史的时间有限。家族史可用于儿科诊疗的多个方面：（1）作为诊断工具以及检测和评估的指南；（2）识别遗传模式；（3）作为患者教育工具。家族史在未来最令人兴奋的用途是作为公共卫生和预防医学的工具。更准确地识别有患糖尿病、哮喘和心血管疾病等常见慢性病风险的儿童，可能会改变初级保健临床医生对待儿科学的方式。
