Connelly S L, Hasher L, Zacks R T
Department of Psychology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27706.
Psychol Aging. 1991 Dec;6(4):533-41. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.6.4.533.
Older and younger adults read aloud and answered questions about texts that did or did not have distracting material interspersed amid target text. When present, distracting material occurred in a different type font from that of target material. Across 2 experiments, distracting material was meaningless, meaningful but unrelated to the text, or meaningful and text related. Subjects were instructed to attend only to the target text. Reading time measures indicated that compared with younger adults, older adults have a more difficult time ignoring the distracting information, particularly information meaningfully related to target text. Verbal ability differences among older, but not younger, adults moderated distraction effects. Age differences in inhibitory attentional mechanisms were considered as processes influencing distraction effects.
老年人和年轻人朗读并回答有关文本的问题，这些文本中穿插或未穿插干扰性材料。若有干扰性材料，其字体与目标材料不同。在两项实验中，干扰性材料分别为无意义的、有意义但与文本无关的、有意义且与文本相关的。受试者被指示只关注目标文本。阅读时间测量结果表明，与年轻人相比，老年人更难忽略干扰信息，尤其是与目标文本有意义相关的信息。老年人（而非年轻人）的语言能力差异调节了干扰效应。抑制性注意机制的年龄差异被视为影响干扰效应的过程。
